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Spacecraft engineering

A Comparison between Models of Flexible Spacecraft

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by Dario Izzo, Lorenzo Pettazzi and Chiara Valente. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. Flexibility plays an important role in the design of space missions. Algorithms able to derive the dynamical equations for a generic chain of flexible and rigid bodies have been developed in the past decades so that accurate dynamic simulations of large multi-body chains are possible. On the other hand control devices are getting more and more sophisticated so that the guidance of satellite platforms equipped with last generation fly-wheels is a quite complex task. In order to develop control laws, restrictive hypotheses are commonly introduced to make the equation of motion as simple as possible: rigid body dynamic, small angular velocities, small deformations, symmetric appendages bending, reduced degrees of freedom and many other hypotheses lead to as many different mathematical models. Simple modeling leads to fast simulations and allows an easier design of attitude steering laws or vibration suppression controls. In this work a mathematical model describing the full non-linear dynamic of a flexible satellite platform equipped with a system of rigid fly-wheels is developed in an explicit form. The equations are than compared to those obtained by applying standard multi-body analysis. The advantages of having an explicit form of the equations in term of the sole state of the central platform (the state of the wheels is considered as a control) are particularly attractive for control design. The set of ordinary differential equations written returns widely used model when restrictive hypotheses are introduced and has to be used in connection to a preliminary Finite Element Method analysis in order to evaluate the structural invariants. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

A Guide for the Design of Highly Reusable Space Transportation

This web site provides access to the final report of Nasa's Space Propulsion Synergy Team, dated August 29 1997. The report was produced as part of the Highly Reusable Space Transportation (HRST) programme. It identifies key factors and relationships between factors, in order to ensure a highly reusable, safe, dependable, operable and affordable solution. Abstract and contents pages are presented in HTML format, and the full text of the report is available online in PDF (335 Kb) and MS Word (499 Kb) formats. The report is made available through the Kennedy Space Center's Next Generation Web site.

A Linear Coupling Controller For Plate Vibration

This paper was given at the 5th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by B. Liu, F. Golnaraghi and G. R. Heppler. The conference took place in July 2002 at King's College, Cambridge. A method for optimally placing the actuators for use with a linear coupling controller (LCC) applied to a thin plate with arbitrary boundary conditions is presented. The LCC is is shown to provide good control properties over a wide frequency range. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

A literature survey on the gyroscope and its applications

This is Research and Technology Organization (RTO) AGARD-R-582, dated February 1971. In the last decade many books about gyroscopes and their applications have been published. The purpose of this report is to offer engineers and scientists a listing of books which are readily available from commercial sources, as well as from various documentation centers and libraries. Only books which were unclassified and unrestricted were considered for this bibliographical listing. This list is a comprehensive tabulation of works by engineers and scientists in the various NATO nations. It also includes some Russian texts on the subject, many of which have been translated into English. Bibliographic and abstract details are available in HTML format. A table of contents and the full text (1.45MB) of the document can be accessed online in PDF format. The document is contained in the RTO's Full Text Publication Library.

A Low-Cost Modified Launch Mode for High-C3 Interplanetary Missions

Written by Hans Meissinger, James Wertz and Simon Dawson, this paper was presented at the AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference in Sun Valley, Idaho on August 4, 1997. The paper, produced by staff at Microcosm Inc., describes the company's Modified Launch Mode (MLM) technique for spacecraft injection to interplanetary trajectories. This is a PDF file [77k] so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

A Review of Thermophysical Research at the NLR Space Division

This technical report (NLR-TP-1997-573) was published by NLR (the National Aerospace Laboratory of the Netherlands) in 1997 and was written by A.A.M. Delil. A review of thermophysical research carried out at the NLR Space Division is presented. The review focuses mainly on aerospace-related activities and investigations. The review lists all relevant publications that contain detailed descriptions of the research topics and results. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Access to Space : The Future of U.S. Space Transportation Systems

This report was produced by the U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA-ISC-415 in April 1990. It is the final summarising study in a series of investigations which provide a broad assessment of space transportation technologies. The reports sets out to answer a number of questions including whether existing and potential future systems can meet the demand for launching payloads in a timely, reliable and cost-effective manner. The report is made available as part of the OTA Online Archive. The full text is accessible online in PDF format (3414K). Alternatively, the front matter, table of contents and individual chapters are available as separate PDF files.

Access To Space

Based in the Project Formulation & Space Access Branch at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center's, the Access To Space (ATS) Group, supports the development and implementation of mission concepts by identifying frequent and affordable opportunities for access to space and advocating changes that reduce the cost of access. The web site provides access to a range of information resources. The Access Mode section provides a means to research and compare various methods for getting a payload to space. The Mission Database contains information on all types of missions, in various stages of design. The three types of missions contained in the database are instruments, spacecraft, and launches. Each mission contains relevant information in areas such as orbit parameters, spacecraft/instrument characteristics, launch vehicle, ride-share opportunities, communications, and contact information. The site also contains sections on query tools, news, and links.

Advanced Guidance and Control Aspects in Robotics

This is Research and Technology Organization (RTO) AGARD-LS-193, dated June 1994. To ensure the capability of defense, a demand for equipment and systems which can be embraced under the title of 'Robotics' will emerge in the near future. In this context, 'Robotics' represents a specific problem area involving all the guidance and control functions which are associated with achieving goal-oriented autonomous behavior in structured and unstructured environments for mobile and manipulator systems as applied to ground, sea, air, and space operations. Related robotic systems must combine constituent functions such as intelligent decision making, control, manipulation, motion, sensing, and communication. The scope of the special course will cover new developments in the areas of autonomous navigation for planetary and surface systems, and control and operations of remote manipulators. For individual titles, see N95-14943 through N95-14949. Bibliographic and abstract details are available in HTML format. A table of contents, and the full text (31.49MB) of the document can be accessed online in PDF format. The document is contained in the RTO's Full Text Publication Library.

AdvanceSpace

This site acts as an educational guide to quality scientific space content on the web and is maintained by a space systems engineer, space systems operator, space systems user and an electrical engineer. The site links to several different categories of information including innovative concepts (e.g. Mars Direct and SpaceHub), space organisations, NASA sites, interactive solar system resources, US DoD/military sites and technology transfer resources. There are also links to free space tools software, news sources, and space jobs as well as spacecraft design resources by space system. There is also a virtual spacecraft design lab, with a suggested chronological approach to the process.

AePortal

This service has been produced at the recommendation of the the United Kingdom Department of Trade and Industry's Aerospace Innovation and Growth Team (AeGIT) by the Society of British Aerospace Companies (SBAC). This information portal is designed to help UK aerospace companies find their way around the plethora of business support initiatives. New initiatives from organisations which provide direct or indirect business support are tracked along with specific sources of funding. The service is aimed at members of the UK aerospace industry and Government and it is necessary to submit an online form in order to register.

Aerospace and Electronic Cost Indices

Provided by the UK Office of National Statistics, this monthly publication contains cost indices (purchase of materials and fuels, hourly earnings of employees on adult rates, salaries and general expenses and combined costs) relating to four aerospace and electronics industries. The four industries are: manufacture of weapons and ammunition (class 2960); manufacture of electronic valves tubes and other components (class 3210); manufacture of instruments and appliances for measuring, checking, testing, navigating and other purposes except industrial processing control equipment (class 3320); manufacture of aircraft and spacecraft. The monthly publications are available from March 2002 to the present and are provided as downloadable PDF files.

Aerospace Corporation

The Aerospace Corporation is a private, nonprofit corporation with the aim of providing research, development, and advisory services. Their main customer is the Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC) of Air Force Material Command, although work is undertaken for other agencies, international organisations, and governments in the national interest. The information resources contained on the web site include the following: a corporate overview, a description of core capabilities and technical activities, careers, educational links and calender of upcoming conferences. The full text of journal articles and technical reports written by staff of the Corporation is available in PDF format.

Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) : Aerospace Facts and Figures

The Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) is a trade organisation which represents the US aerospace industry. These statistics are published annually and the complete text of the current edition is available to order online. Earlier editions are free of charge and available in pdf format. Figures relevant to the US aerospace industry are available, including aircraft production, missile and space programs, air transportation, research and development, foreign trade, employment and finance.

Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) : Year-End Review and Forecast

The Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) is a trade organisation which represents the US aerospace industry. The text of the AIA president's speech and a statistical analysis of the state of the US aerospace industry are available. It is also possible to download statistical tables in Excel or PDF format or to view them as HTML pages. The statistics include sales figures, backlogs, imports, exports, employment and profitability.

Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) Issues by Subject

The Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) is a trade organisation which represents the US aerospace industry. The AIA identifies what it considers to be the most important current issues facing the industry and produces a policy statement for each detailing the major points. They are available in .PDF format, and cover topics such as acquisition reform, aerospace employment, air traffic capacity and delay, environmental issues, safety, economy, space and supply chain.

Aerospace-Related Fluid Physics, Heat Transfer, and Thermal Control Research at the NLR Space Division

This technical report (NLR-TP-2001-300) was published by NLR (the National Aerospace Laboratory of the Netherlands) in 2001 and was written by A. A. M. Dell. Including the information published earlier [1], the aerospace-related fluid physics, heat transfer and thermal control research carried out by the NLR Space Division can be summarised by: - Thermal conductivity investigations. - Design and manufacture of a test rig for measuring the thermal conductance of axially loaded rotating bearings in vacuum. - Thermal modelling of various rotating space mechanisms and the compilation of a handbook to model such mechanisms. - Thermal performance of MLI blankets. - Constant and variable conductance heat pipes, electro-osmotic heat pipe. - Radiation heat transfer. - Movable thermal joints and flexible thermal links. - Thermal analysis and design. - Two-phase heat transport systems: Their thermal- gravitational modelling and scaling, control methods/ algorithms. Two-phase test rigs development, components testing and calibration. - Thermal modelling of the ESA ATLID two-phase laser head thermal control system breadboard, and the ESA capillary pumped loop engineering model. - Development of the ESA high-efficiency low pressure drop two-phase condenser. - Adapting liquid flow metering assemblies for use in space. - Development of accurate ultrasonic flow meter for propellants. - TPX I: In-orbit two-phase experiment and TPX II, a re-flight of the modified two-phase experiment (parallel thermally unbalanced condensers configuration, high pumping power sintered nickel evaporators, upgraded controllable valve). - Loop heat pipe flight experiment. - Flexible external insulation blanket permeability. - Self regulating heaters. - ESA Thermal Analyzer & Fluid Heat Transfer Solver Upgrade. - Thermal modelling of laser heads, glove-boxes, the phased-array universal synthetic aperture radar structure, European co-operation for long-term in defence programme synthetic aperture radar antennae, avionics racks and components. - Meteosat Second Generation propellant gauging. Experimental determination of the dielectric properties of propellants. - Future European Space Transportation Investigations Program. S?nger aerospace plane thermal design activities. - Critical and novel issues, AMS-2 and CIMEX-3. - Pulsating two-phase loops and other pulsating/ oscillating heat transfer devices. - Small dedicated satellites: Wetsat & Sloshsat-Flevo. - Instrumentation for microgravity research. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available as a PDF file.

Affordable Spacecraft : Design and Launch Alternatives

This web site provides access to a U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment Background Paper, OTA-BP-ISC-60, January 1990. The paper examines several proposals for reducing the costs of spacecraft and other payloads, and describes launch systems for implementing them. The full text of the report is available online in PDF format (928K). Alternatively the front matter, table of contents and individual chapters can be accessed as a separate PDF files.

Agile ACMS Software Fast Prototyping for Real-time Validation with Hardware in the Loop

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by Denis Fertin. Th conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. The Spectra mission, one of ESA candidate Earth Explorer core mission, aims to determine the bi-directional reflectance function (BRDF) of representative terrestrial biomes in order to model the carbon cycle at a global level on Earth. The measurement of the BRDF function needs several images of the same scene taken with different viewing angles. Rather than slewing the instrument line-of-sight, the mission relies on slewing the whole spacecraft with a cluster of four control momentum gyroscopes (CMG): an innovative agile Attitude Control and Measurement System concept with stringent manoeuvrability and stability requirements. To secure the development of this innovative ACMS, ESA has launched two parallel technological activities targeting real-time validation in closed-loop of the prototype software of a control momentum gyros based ACMS with a representative CMG breadboard. The objectives of the activities were to prototype and test the ACMS in real-time on a flight microprocessor with minimum development time and cost. To reach these objectives, the maximum use of innovative auto-coding techniques was required for the prototyping of the ACMS software as well as the development of the real-time simulator. After a presentation of the mission and ACMS concept, the methodology used for the prototyping and the outcomes achieved will be highlighted. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Air Force Link : Fact Sheets

Provided by the United States Air Force, this site contains fact sheets on aspects of the USAF. Topics covered include organisations; space systems including satellites, GPS, surveillance and radar; weapons including missiles, sidewinder and joint direct attack munitions; and fighter, bomber, transport and reconniassance aircraft including Hercules, Globemaster, F 117A Nighthawk, F 15 Eagle, Predator Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, and U 2. Each factsheet contains an overview of the mission, specifications and capabilities of the equipment, a picture and contact details.

Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)

This is the home page of the US AFOSR, whose mission is to manage all basic research conducted by the US Air Force. The site provides information on the role, function, and organisation of the AFOSR. Information about doing business with the AFOSR, its education and research assistance programmes, news and a calendar of events are also provided. A particularly useful resource is the link to AFOSR publications, which includes a summary of research highlights and annual research technology area plans.

Air Force Research Laboratory : Space Vehicles Directorate

Space Vehicles is one of nine Air Force Research Laboratories directorates, and its main purpose is to develop technologies that support evolving warfighter requirements to control and exploit space. The keys areas of research include the battlespace environment, protection of space assets, space vehicle control, space-based sensing, space vehicle technologies (structures, power, thermal management) wargaming, and performing a variety of integrated space technology demonstrations. The resources available from the site include news releases, a newsletter, fact sheets, an overview of the directorate's research interests and activities, and a bibliographic database of directorate technical reports, which can be searched and/or browsed.

Air Force Research Laboratory

The United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is situated at Wright- Patterson Air Force Base. This website provides information concerning the AFRL headquarters, including details of its reading room, corporate strategy, organisation, symposiums, seminars and conferences. There are also links to the AFRL's various directorates: air vehicles, directed energy, human effectiveness, information, materials & manufacturing, munitions, propulsion, sensors and space vehicles.

An Experimental Test-Bed for Microgravity Simulation in Robotic Arm Dynamics

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by G. Mimmi, C. Rottenbacher, L. Frosini and A. Negri. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. This paper describes an experimental testing apparatus set up by the authors in order to validate the effectiveness of the motion input pre-shaping technique for the open-loop control in microgravity environment. The system consists of a two flexible links planar manipulator suspended on special air-pads floating on a planar friction-free glass surface. Since the friction between the two pads mounted on the manipulator and the platform is reduced to almost zero, the planar dynamics of the system very closely approximates the dynamics in a microgravity environment. In order to focus on the motion inputs, the brushless motors are controlled in speed mode. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

An Investigation of Tape Spring Fold Curvature

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by Scott J. I. Walker and Guglielmo S. Aglietti. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. Tape springs are being used with increasing frequency in today?s space industry to deploy small satellite aerials and array areas. However, to accurately model the deployment of an appendage mounted with tape spring hinges, it is necessary to accurately model the opening moments produced from the material strains in the tape spring fold. These moments are primarily a function of curvature. This paper uses a photographic method to study the post buckling curvatures at the fold location for both two and three dimensional tape spring folds. The results are finally compared to determine the overall data trends. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Analysis of Enclosures and Anti Vibration Devices for Electronic Equipment for Space Applications

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by G.S. Aglietti and C. Schwingshackl. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. Electronic units form a considerable part of the spacecraft bus mass budget, and asignificant mass saving could be made by improving their mechanical design. Attention is focussed on the analysis of typical enclosures for electronics, and the anti vibration devices for the Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) currently used within the enclosures. A crucial step to improve the equipment design is the accurate prediction of the vibration response of the electronics (i.e. populated PCBs), to the vibration environment experienced during launch. FE models of PCBs and Anti-Vibration Frames are presented and compared with the results obtained during random vibration tests. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Apollo by the Numbers : a Statistical Reference

Written by Richard W. Orloff of the NASA History Division, this full text report is available in HTML format. It is an update of NASA publication 2000-4029, and incorporates comments, suggestions and corrections received by the author since its original publication. This version contains the complete text, tables and updated information, but lacks many of the images included in the printed copy. The report presents statistical information about each of the Apollo flights that was not previously easily accessible. Information provided includes: crew information, launch vehicle/spacecraft key facts, launch vehicle propellant usage, ground ignition weights, ascent data and lunar surface experiments.

Applied Technology Institute (ATI)

The Applied Technology Institute specialises in technical training and continuing education organisation with particular emphasis on short courses, seminars, professional development and technical training. The site includes links to information resources on topics such as acoustics, sonar, space and aerospace. There are details of courses and technical seminars in acoustics, noise, sonar, computer programming, information technology, radar, missiles, combat systems, remote sensing, signal processing, space, satellite and aerospace engineering.

Arianespace

Arianespace is a major competitor in commercial space transportation, and information is provided on its current and past launch vehicles. Launch logs, mission updates and press releases are contained on the site, and thus it is useful for news of latest and forthcoming developments in the Ariane programme. The company annual report and the technical information booklet for the Ariane 5 are accessible, Europe's Spaceport is described and access is provided to the full-text of the Arianespace newsletter, E-Space.

Arnold Engineering Development Center

The Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) is an aerospace ground test and evaluation/simulation centre. The site provides a description of the AEDC testing facilities and competencies in the following: aerodyamics/wind tunnels, propulsion systems, hypersonics, rockets, space systems, computational modeling and instrumentation. Each section includes a test highlights fact sheet.

Association of European Research Establishments in Aeronautics (EREA)

EREA is a non-profit association comprising a number of leading european aerospace research organisations. Founded in October 1994 EREA's mission is is to provide European industry and authorities as well as governments with a cost effective high quality aeronautics technology base through joint research programmes and through the harmonised use of resources, facilities and personnel exchange. The site contains mainly descriptive information covering the Association's founding, history and development, its mission, objectives and vision, organisation and capabilities. Other sections of the site provide news and spin-offs, including brief examples of how aeronautical research disseminates technology to other sectors.

Attitude Control of a Spacecraft with Two Reaction Wheels

This paper was given at the 5th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by Takateru Urakubo, Kazuo Tsuchiya and Katsuyoshi Tsujita. The conference took place in July 2002 at King's College, Cambridge. This paper deals with the attitude control of a rigid spacecraft with two reaction wheels. First, we derive a discontinuous state feedback law based on Lyapunov control. When the angular momentum of the system is zero, the derived controller makes the desired point the only stable equilibrium point of the system. Next, we investigate the behavior of the controlled system when the angular momentum is not zero but small. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Attitude Error Estimator

This paper was given at the 5th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by Daniele Mortari. The conference took place in July 2002 at King's College, Cambridge. This paper describes a geometrical method to predict the attitude error, that is, the distance between the estimated and the unknown true attitude matrices. The method, which is based on vector observations and on the sensors noise knowledge only, is developed according to the attitude error, whose definition and statistical parameters, are here given. Finally, numerical tests to compare the proposed method with the standard trace of covariance matrix, are provided. Tests show that the Attitude Error Estimator describes the reliability of an attitude estimation faster and more accurately. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software is required in order to read it.

Attitude stabilization of satellites in orbit

This is Research and Technology Organization (RTO) AGARD-LS-45, dated September 1971. The attitude stabilization of an orbiting satellite is certainly one of the most critical problems related to satellite design. This is an extensive problem, as the missions of space vehicles are diversified, and attitude accuracy requirement varied. Besides, the procedures adopted between launch phase and final stabilization are sometimes very complex. Consequently, the disciplines involved are numerous; they call for the most advanced techniques, and it goes without saying that the scope of the problem had to be limited when nine lecture themes had to be selected for a two-day presentation. The subdivision between active, passive and semi-active stabilization; however it appeared that some confusion existed between these terms, moreover hybrid solutions were commonly used. Bibliographic and abstract details are available in HTML format. A table of contents, and the full text (34.59MB) of the document can be accessed online in PDF format. The document is contained in the RTO's Full Text Publication Library.

Attitude-Orbit Dynamical Coupling in Tethered Systems

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by Silvano Sgubini and Paolo Teofilatto. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. Conductive tethered systems taking advantage of electrodynamics force are currently proposed for spacecraft deorbiting. In the present paper a simplified model is considered, namely a dumbbell subjected to the gravity and electrodynamics field. The attitude and orbital coupling on this model is analysed in order to study the impact on the stability of the complete system. Then a morecomplex model of the tethered system is developed to simulate the dynamic wire behaviour. Numerical simulations are performed to test the feasibility of tethered as deorbit device. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

AttSim : Attitude Simulation with Control Software in the Loop

Written by Hans J. Koenigsmann and Gwynne Gurevich, this paper was presented at the 13th Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites, Logan, Utah, August 1999. This paper, produced by staff from Microcosm, describes Attsim, a spacecraft attitude simulator for the design and verification of attitude control concepts and flight software architectures and algorithms. This is a PDF file [291K] so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Automated Model Transfer in Space Applications

This technical report (NLR-TP-2004-453) was published by NLR (the National Aerospace Laboratory of the Netherlands) in 2004 and was written by W.F. Lammen, T. Zwartbol, M. Jansen, A.A. ten Dam, M. Arcioni and Q. Wijnands. MOSAIC (Model-Oriented Software Automated Interface Converter) automates transfer of simulation models from MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow to EuroSim and ESA?s Simulation Model Portability (SMP) standard. Many aerospace projects use MOSAIC for automatic model transfer. Examples of MOSAIC applications in the Netherlands are the Herschel-Planck project, ATV and VSRF which involve amongst others ESTEC, Dutch Space, Terma and NLR. This paper describes recent MOSAIC developments and the application of MOSAIC in space projects. The PACS project and its application of MOSAIC are described in more detail. Finally future development plans of MOSAIC are presented. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Aviation Week : Aerospace Source Book

This provides brief company profiles of aviation and aerospace companies grouped under the following headings: Prime Contractors; Major Airlines; Regional Airlines; and Cargo Airlines. The profiles can be viewed online in PDF format. The Aerospace Sourcebook also provides access to a series of articles which examine various market sectors including fighters, bombers, commercial and military transports, air freight, UAVs, trainers, rotorcraft, spacecraft, missiles, and avionics. The information is drawn from Aviation Week & Space Technology.

Basics of Space Flight Learner's Book

This is a training module created by Dave Doody and George Stephan of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It is intended to help JPL staff gain an understanding of the basics of space flight, although it is made freely available on the Internet. It takes the form of an online tutorial which users work through at their own pace and includes questions to help learners evaluate their progress. There are 17 individual chapters to work through, covering topics such as gravitation and mechanics, interplanetary trajectories, spacecraft navigation and telecommunications. The document number is JPL D-9774, Revision A. The tutorial is available to download in PDF format, or to view in HTML format and was updated in 2001.

Canadian Space Agency

The site provides mainly descriptive information about the Agency, including performance reports and reports on planning and priorities, action plans and strategies. Expertise and areas of interest within the Agency are also provided, as are features on the Canadian space science programme and its contribution to the International Space Station. A slide presentation is included to give an overview of the activities of the CSA and the field in which it operates. In addition, there are links to Soyuz mission details and various space-science based articles.

CNN.com

The web site provides access to a searchable database of CNN news stories. A selection of subject and topic browse headings is also provided. One of these headings covers news stories related to science and space. The search engine can be used to locate current aerospace and aviation news items. The records contained in a results set from the search include a brief summary. A link is provided to the full text of the news item. Each full text record provides links to related stories.

Columbia Shuttle Tragedy

Columbia Shuttle Tragedy is an article which is part of the Hot Topics Series from Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (CSA). It provides a discussion about the possible reasons for the loss of the Columbia space shuttle on February 1st, 2003, when it broke up during re-entry to the Earth's atmosphere above Texas. There is a list of key citations from the article, a collection of related Web-sites, a glossary of terms used and further details of the original source.

Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee (COMSTAC)

COMSTAC provides information, advice, and recommendations to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) within the Department of Transportation (DOT) on matters concerning the U.S. commercial space transportation industry.

Concept Exploration of an Australian Indigenous Space Launch Capability

This is the full text of a thesis by Anthony J. Rogers which was presented to the Graduate School of Engineering and Management of Air University's Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), in March 2001. It is available in PDF format. Abstract: Currently there are only nine countries with a space launch capability, relatively few considering the importance and prestige of such an ability. Although Australia has played an important role in the development and exploration of space from the beginning, it has failed to capitalise the potential benefits of having its space program. This thesis endeavours to explore the possibility of establishing an Australian indigenous space launch capability through developing and examining an Australian space launch program model. The model is based around launch site location, vehicle design, program duration, and the percentage Australian indigenous input into the space launch program. This model was optimised in an effort to maximise the benefits of such a capability, namely political prestige, security and in-country technological base, while minimising the program`s overall cost. Through this concept exploration, sound judgements can be made on whether or not to proceed to the next systems engineering step - Preliminary system design.

Concise Aerospace

This service provides market intelligence and business to business information (b2b) on the aerospace and air transport sector in Russia, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and Eastern Europe. Information is collated by journalists based in these areas and their findings are then further researched by editors in the UK and finally published on this site. A selection of recent articles are available for viewing in full free of charge. Details of how to subscribe and subscription costs are given on the site. The site also includes a search facility.

Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)

The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) is an international voluntary consensus organization of space agencies and industrial associates interested in mutually developing standard data handling techniques to support space research, including space science and applications. The web site provides access to a variety of information resources. These include information about CCSDS, its charter, history, functional model, organisational structure and current projects. The site also provides access to the CCSDS Library of Recommendations and other technical documents. These include the following: CCSDS Recommendations (Blue Books); CCSDS Draft Recommendations (Red Books); CCSDS Reports (Green Books); CCSDS Draft Reports (Draft Green Books); CCSDS Administrative Reports (Yellow Books); and, CCSDS Documents Under Review.

Control of a Robot Manipulator for Aerospace Applications

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by Antonella Ferrara and Riccardo Scattolini. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. A visual servoing system is presented in the paper. It has been realized by assembling a planar three-degrees-of-freedom robotmanipulator with a video camera mounted on its end-effector. The target is a plate with four leds which needs to be kept within the image captured by the camera during the visual servoing experiment. The control variables are the torques generated by the three electric actuators at the joints. The natural flexibilities of the manipulator links are regarded as small disturbances to be counteracted by the feedback control loop. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Cranfield University Aerospace

Cranfield has been at the forefront of the development of aerospace technology for 60 years and is one of the largest academic centres in western Europe for strategic applied research, development and design. Cranfield University Aerospace brings together the University’s aerospace capabilities from all its five Schools into areas of strategic importance for its clients, within the aerospace and aviation markets. It consists of the following technology areas: flow control and prediction, computer integrated design, air transport management, human factors, avionics and simulation, structures and materials, air vehicle technology, flight test and dynamics and astronautics and space engineering. The site details Cranfield University Aerospace's capabilities, courses and current projects.

Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS)

The CDDIS supports data archiving and distribution activities for the space geodesy and geodynamics community. The main objectives of the system are to store space geodesy and geodynamics related data products in a central data bank, to maintain information about the archival of these data, and to disseminate these data and information in a timely manner to NASA investigators and cooperating institutions. The site contains an introduction to the CDDIS which includes summaries of GNSS, SLR and LLR (Satellite and Lunar Laser Ranging ), VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) and DORIS (dual-frequency Doppler system). The CDDIS archives and distributes data from these systems in a series of data sets. The CDDIS Site and Data Locator page lists maps of space geodesy site locations and data availability queries for the CDDIS data archive. A description of the structure of the CDDIS ftp archive is also available. CDDIS supports several NASA-sponsored and international scientific programmes which are described. There is also a large section of online reports and documents, as well as links to related resources and programmes.

Damage Identification in a Real Structure Using Resonant and Anti-Resonant Frequencies

The site provides access to an Air University Air Force Institute of Technology MSc Thesis by Captain Douglas E. Gaeta, USAF, dated March 2000. The thesis describes the development and testing of a number of damage and detection algorithms for the Air Force Institute of Technology's Flexible Truss Experiment (FTE), which is intended to be representative of a large space structure. Citation details and an abstract are available in HTML format. The full text can be accessed in PDF format (2,460,251 bytes). The document is part of the Air University Research Database.

Defense Acquisitions: Space System Acquisition Risks and Keys to Addressing Them

This provides access to a United States Government Accountability Office Report (GAO-06-776R) dated June 2006. On April 6, 2006, we testified before Congress on the Department of Defense's (DOD) space acquisitions. In fiscal year 2007, DOD expects to spend nearly $7 billion to acquire space-based capabilities to support current military and other government operations as well as to enable DOD to transform the way it collects and disseminates information, gathers data on its adversaries, and attacks targets. Despite its growing investment in space, however, DOD's space system acquisitions have experienced problems over the past several decades that have driven up costs by hundreds of millions, even billions, of dollars; stretched schedules by years; and increased performance risks. In some cases, capabilities have not been delivered to the warfighter after decades of development. Within this context, Congress requested that we provide additional comments regarding the need for better program management, space acquisition policy, and DOD's Space Radar and Transformational Satellite Communications System acquisitions. [Taken from abstract]. The full text of this report is available in PDF format so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Delft Aerospace

This is the web site of the Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University. It describes the various educational programmes on offer along with supporting course information. There is also information on the various research groups, facilities, support services, student organisations as well as the Delft Aerospace Alumni Society. Other sections of the site include news and events, and a database of staff contact information.

Delphion Patent Search Form

This site allows you to search for United States patents, European patents and patent applications, Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) application data from the World Intellectual Property Office, the Patent Abstracts of Japan and INPADOC data. The service can be searched in several different ways, including patent number, US classification and Boolean keyword search. It is possible to view to the bibliographic information of granted US patents free of charge, all other services are payable. You will need to register to use this service, which is free of charge.

Delta-Utec Space Research Consultancy

This is a Netherlands based research and consultancy company. The site describes the company's specialist areas of interest and expertise including space tethers, star sensor algorithms, and small satellite project support. There is a section of the site devoted to the Young Engineers' Satellite (YES) project, which was initiated by Delta-Utec. The site also provides access to a newsletters, downloadable staff publications and freeware, a photo gallery and contact information.

Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Bristol

Part of the Faculty of Engineering, the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Bristol has research interests in the areas of fluid flow and aerodynamics, thermo-fluid dynamics, dynamics and control systems, structures and materials, and space engineering. The site contains a description of the research activities of the department and information about staff, as well as available courses. The site also provide access to an article written by Sir Robert Wall which looks back over the University’s contribution to the first 100 years of manned flight.

Department of Trade and Industry : The United Kingdom's Civil Space Activities

This a U.K National Audit Office (NAO) report, HC 359 Session 2003-2004, 16th March 2004. United Kingdom civil space activities are delivered through a range of Departments, Agencies and Research Councils. These bodies co-ordinate policy and programmes through the British National Space Centre (BNSC) Partnership. The objectives of the study were to determine the following: does this model offer the best way to manage the United Kingdom's civil space activities; has the BNSC Partnership a clear strategy for its space activities and is it able to assess performance against that strategy; is the BNSC Partnership providing the best possible support to the space industry to make the most of the opportunities in ESA and beyond; and are the national programmes of DTI Space, PPARC and NERC being managed to ensure they deliver the best possible benefits for the United Kingdom?

Design, Implementation and Installation of a New TEMPerature Data Acquisition System (TEMPDAS) for the ESTEC Large Space Simulator (LSS)

This technical report (NLR-TP-2000-418) was published by NLR (the National Aerospace Laboratory of the Netherlands) in 2000 and was written by W.J.C.M. van Zutphen, F.M. Fontaine, B. Sarti and H.C. Vermeulen. The ESTEC Large Space Simulator (LSS) provides close simulation of in-orbit environmental conditions. The LSS is equipped with a two-axis Motion System, which permits a test article to be placed within the LSS in any position relative to the angle of incidence of solar radiation axis. Temperature measurement signals generated by thermocouples fixed on the rotating test article are connected to the main data handling system through a Slip-Ring Unit. A high-accuracy multi-channel Temperature Data Acquisition System (TEMPDAS) has been developed for specific use in the LSS. The concept of TEMPDAS is to multiplex, condition and measure the signals from the thermocouple sensors inside the LSS and send the digital measurement data to the data-handling unit. The National Aerospace Laboratory NLR designed, manufactured and tested two Data Collection Units, enabling TEMPDAS to measure 864 thermocouple signals. This paper presents a full description of the main project phases and their outcomes from unit prototyping to final unit verification and installation. Special attention is paid to address some critical design and manufacturing items encountered in the course of the development and to highlight the technical solutions implemented to surmount the difficulties. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available as a PDF file.

Detailed Design of the Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment

This is the full text of a Master's thesis by Captain Jeremy S. Goodwin, USAF, AFIT/GA/ENY/06-M05, which was presented to the Faculty Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics of Air University's Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), in March 2006. The Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment is a Space Shuttle experiment that will study the effects of the zero-gravity space environment on the deployment and modal analysis of three inflatable and rigidizable tubes using a sub-Tg rigidization technique. In 2004, RIGEX was transitioned from the Space Shuttle's Get-Away-Special (GAS) canister to its Canister for All Payload Ejections (CAPE), requiring several modifications to the design. The results of these modifications, along with further refinements made to previous efforts, combine to form the detailed design of the experiment. In addition to the design modifications, analyses were conducted to determine the containment capabilities of a shroud for the experiment, as well as to identify and implement potential improvements to the modal testing methods. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available in PDF format on the Scientific and Technical Information Network (STINET) which is provided by the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC).

Development and Testing of the Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment

This is the full text of a thesis by Brady D. O'Neal which was presented to the Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio in June 2007. The purpose of this research project is to develop the Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment (RIGEX) from a computer-based model into a space-qualified prototype. Past research projects have developed RIGEX’s command and control, structural analysis, and integration with the orbiter. This thesis details the organization, assembly, and test planning for the RIGEX protoflight model. Strict requirements imposed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) must be fulfilled for any payload to travel into space. Based on the requirements set forth by NASA documentation, this thesis establishes appropriate assembly procedures for the construction of a space payload. Detailed design changes are described, as well as any problems encountered during assembly. Various lessons learned throughout the course of this project are discussed. [Taken from abstract]. The thesis is available in PDF format so Adobe Acrobat software is required in order to read it.

Development and Validation of a Modern CMOS Digital Sun Sensor at UniNa

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by Giancarlo Rufino, Michele Grassi and Alessandro Perrotta. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. This paper deals with design, prototype development, and calibration tests of a low-cost CMOS-based miniature digital sun sensor, which have been carried out at the university of Naples. They include also design and development of a laboratory test facility for indoor validation of the sun sensor hardware model. Calibration of the developed hardware prototype has been carried out adopting various neuralnetwork- based solutions. A satisfactory accuracy of 0.01? has been achieved and a substantial improvement is expected after the introduction of hardware upgrades currently under refinement. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Development of Different Novel Loop Heat Pipes within the ISTC-1360 Project

This technical report (NLR-TP-2003-231) was published by NLR (the National Aerospace Laboratory of the Netherlands) in 2003 and was written by A.A.M. Delil, Yu. F. Maydanik and C. Gerhart. The International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) Project 1360 was carried out by the Russian Institute of Thermal Physics, in collaboration with the National Aerospace Laboratory NLR in the Netherlands, the US Air Force Research Laboratory, and the Korean Aerospace Institute (KARI). The main project task was to demonstrate the possibilities of a variety of Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) design configurations, to considerably extend LHP application ranges both in 0-g environment (space equipment) and in 1-g conditions at different orientations with respect to the gravity vector. The development concerns two miniature LHPs, a reversible LHP and a ramified (multiple-evaporator-condenser) LHP. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available as a PDF file.

Development, Fabrication, and Ground Test of an Inflatable Structure Space-Flight Experiment

This is the full text of a thesis by Thomas Lee Philley, Jr. which was presented to the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) in 2003. Since the first satellite launches of the 1950's, the requirements placed on space systems have evolved from the earliest beacons of Sputnik to the current state of the art technology. As requirements increase, space systems tend to grow in size and complexity, which in turn significantly increases the weight and cost of the system. In the current age of increasing requirements and limited budgets, the use of inflatable rigidizable structures provides a solution to reduce the costs associated with design, fabrication and launch of a space system while simultaneously increasing the deployment reliability and mission success of the system. However, due to insufficient data correlating ground tests to space flight results, the use of inflatable rigidizable structures in both the Air Force and industry has been very limited. Therefore, the goal of this research effort is to validate the ground testing methodology by correlating ground tests to space flight results of inflatable tubes. The Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment is a self-contained Space Shuttle experiment that will test the deployment and structural characteristics of three inflatable rigidizable tubes. Once inflated and rigidized, each tube will be excited using piezoelectric transducers in order to collect vibration data for structural characterization. This thesis will present the follow on to the preliminary design of the experiment along with the initial fabrication processes and ground testing results. [Taken from abstract]. The full text of the thesis is available in PDF format and is provided by the Air University ResearchWeb site.

Developments on Test and Verification Equipment for Spacecraft TNG-GEN-TP-001

This technical report (NLR-TP-2000-658) was published by NLR (the National Aerospace Laboratory of the Netherlands) in 2000 and was written by M.P.A.M. Brouwer, A.A. Castelijn, H.A. van Ingen Schenau, B.A. Oving, L.J. Timmermans and T. Zwartbol. Re-use of test and verification equipment in space programmes can significantly reduce the cost, schedule, and risk. The spacecraft lifecycle typically involves design, development, assembly, integration, verification, operations, and maintenance. This paper describes developments in test and verification for spacecraft, based on the successful application of NLR's Test and Verification Equipment (TVE) in the XMM and INTEGRAL projects. New developments for TVE intend to bridge both ends of the spacecraft lifecycle, satisfying the needs for cost and schedule optimisation. Test equipment for closed loop testing like TVE must feature both powerful simulation and EGSE capabilities. The new generation of TVE aims to integrate ongoing developments such as: generic simulation environment EuroSim Project Test Bed hardware emulation of the on-board computer hardware-in-the-loop closed loop testing spacecraft operations system SCOS-2000. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available as a PDF file.

Dynacon

Dynacon Inc is a Canadian space technology compay which specialises in automation, robotics, simulation and systems integration. The web site includes a company profile, news, and location information. There are brief description's of the company's products and services, which includes hardware and software for mini and micro satellite control applications. Dynacon is the prime contractor for the Canadian Space Agency's MOST (Microvariability and Oscillations of STars) astronomy mission. There is a section of the site devoted to this mission. The site also includes details of career opportunities.

Dynamics and Control Issues for Future Multistatic Spaceborne Radars

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by Stephen Hobbs. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. Concepts for future spaceborne radar systems are being developed which rely on the transmitter and receiver(s) being carried on separate spacecraft. The potential advantages include lower cost than current spaceborne radars and improved measurement capability. This paper reviews two currently proposed systems: GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) and a geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar constellation (GeoSAR). GNSS-R uses reflections of signals from GPS (and Galileo when available) to measure the height and state of the ocean surface. The receiver is typically in a low Earth obit (LEO) and provides global coverage. GeoSAR uses a radar receiver in geosynchronous orbit (slightly displaced from geostationary but still with a period of 1 day). The radar sees a fixed region of the Earth and is able to integrate signals over long periods to obtain a satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio. If several receiver spacecraft are used simultaneously the time to obtain an image can be reduced in proportion to the number of spacecraft used. The principles of these two systems are described and then requirements applying to the system dynamics and control are derived. For GNSS-R the requirements are relatively easy to achieve (coarse pointing and only basic orbit control). GeoSAR?s requirements are more demanding although the environmental disturbances at geosynchronous orbit height are significantly smaller than in LEO. For GeoSAR the most demanding requirement is the need for centimetre-level orbit measurements to allow aperture synthesis to be implemented. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Embedded Piezoelectric Sensors and Actuators for Control of Active Composite Structures

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by G. Sala, M. Olivier, P. Bettini and D. Sciacovelli. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. This paper illustrates the results obtained at Composite and Smart Materials Laboratory of Politecnico di Milano by an industrial-academic team, that designed, developed and produced a technological demonstrator for space structures, embedding piezoelectric sensors/actuators and optical sensors. The selection of optical sensors, the use of PZT material, and their embedding techniques into composite laminates are described in the following, as well as embedding a sensing/actuation pack, i.e. robust and easy to handle sensor\actuator unit, in the demonstrator structure. Finally, actuation/sensing capability have been tested to validate both the embedded sensors/actuators and the technologies adopted for the manufacturing process. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Eng-Tips Forums : Aerospace Engineers

This is a mailing list service or 'Web community' designed for engineers to make contact and discuss issues and problems. It is free of charge and the forums can be browsed and messages read without registration. However, if you wish to post a message you must register. The service has more functionality for registered members, including searching and the 'personal profile' facility which allows engineers to tell others something about themselves. The 'Aeronautic engineers' section includes forums devoted to Aircraft engineering, Aerodynamic engineering, Rotorcraft engineering, and other topics.

Engine Condition Monitoring: Technology and Experience

This is Research and Technology Organization (RTO) AGARD-CP-448, dated October 1988. Topics addressed include: military operations; civil experience; manufacturer´s perspective; turboprops and turboshafts; systems; diagnostic methods; and advanced technologies. Questions and answers of the discussions follow each paper. For individual titles, see N89-16781 through N89-16819. Bibliographic and abstract details are available in HTML format. A table of contents, and the full text (18.57MB) of the document can be accessed online in PDF format. The document is contained in the RTO's Full Text Publication Library.

Environmental Disturbance Modeling for Large Inflatable Space Structures

This is the full text of a MSc thesis by Donald J. Davis which was presented to the Graduate School of Engineering and Management of Air University's Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), in March 2001. It is available in PDF format. Abstract: Tightening space budgets and stagnating spacelift capabilities are driving the Air Force and other space agencies to focus on inflatable technology as a reliable, inexpensive means of deploying large structures in orbit. Recent improvements in rigidization techniques make the use of these inflatable structures feasible for a growing number of missions. For many of these missions, the primary design requirement is dimensional accuracy of the structure. Finite element analysis offers a means of predicting structural behavior in orbit. The analysis requires knowledge of external loads. This thesis examines the environmental disturbances which act upon large, orbiting structures. Calculations are made on a base model to relate the torques generated by these disturbances to the orbital altitude. This facilitates identification of the critical loads for large, inatable structures. An environmental disturbance model is then developed in MATLAB. The model calculates the critical loads on each element of a faceted structure as it propagates through its orbit. A basic structure is defined and entered into the model. Results and analysis for various orbits are presented to verify accuracy of the code and validate the derived torque-altitude relationships.

ESA Convention

This site provides the full text of the Convention of the European Space Agency in HTML format. This includes the ratification dates, the preamble, articles and annexes (I - privileges and immunities, II - financial provision, III - optional programmes, IV - internationalisation of national programmes, V - industrial policy). ESA's rules and procedures are also available from the site.

ESA Publications

This is the home page of the ESA (European Space Agency) Publications Division (EPD) which produces all of the European Space Agency's publications for external readership. The site provides links to the ESA Annual Report, History Study Reports, and periodicals and newsletters including the ESA Bulletin (the Agency's quarterly magazine), Earth Observation Quarterly, On Station, Connect (ESA Telecommunication Newsletter), EDU News (ESA's Newsletter on Education) European Centre for Space Law, Eurocomp (The Newsletter of the Space Components Steering Board), and Spacelink. The site also provides access to a selection of technical reports including the ESA BR series of brochures, ESA SP reports, as well as listings of conference proceedings, procedures, and standards.

European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS)

EADS is one of the largest aerospace companies in Europe and was formed from a merger between French Aerospatiale Matra S.A. (Paris), the Spanish Construcciones Aeronáuticas S.A. (CASA, Madrid) and the German DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG (Dasa, Munich). EADS covers the areas of Airbus, aeronautics (military aircraft, helicopters, regional aircraft), military transport aircraft, defence and security systems and space. This site provides product information and specifications, a photo gallery, press releases, employment and financial information plus the latest stock quotes. The site is also available in German, French and Spanish.

European Space Agency (ESA) Science and Technology Home Page

The European Space Agency's ESA Science web site brings together a large range of information resoruces. There are descriptions of past, present and planned missions including: Cluster II, Mars Express, SMART-1, Ulysses, Huygens, Rosetta, and SOHO. Other sections of the site bring together information on the solar system, astrophysics, fundamental physics, and payload and advanced concepts. The eduacational support area provides access to a variety of media resources including images, video clips, spacecraft 3D models, spacecraft orbits and publications.

European Space Agency : Technology Transfer Programme

The aims and objectives of the TTP are to provide the commercial and industrial sectors access to developments in the world of space technology. The TTP also promotes the input of technologies and products built for commercial application to application in space. The site provides a access to a range of information resources including, news, calendar of events, technology transfer success stories, and links to other internet sites. There are sections which descibe the technology transfer process and highlight the benefits, and provide an outline of the ESA programme, the technologies available, the results achieved and summarise other special intiatives. There is a publications section and a multimedia gallery containing images and video clips. Links are provided to the text of several important TT resources including Catalogue of technology transfer success stories, Catalogue of technologies proposed for transfer and European Space Industry Directory.

European Space Agency: Science and Technology

The European Space Agency (ESA) is an international organisation composed of 14 member states. The main focus of the site is the Agency's core business and activities and these are accessed from the ESA Programmes link. These include ESA launchers, human spaceflight, science and applications. A number of the mission and programme pages include details of relevant ESA reports, some of which are available online. The site also includes details about jobs and training at ESA, links to full text publications, an image gallery, details of forthcoming conferences and press releases.

European Space Research and Technology Centre

ESTEC is the research and technology centre for the European Space Agency (ESA) and its core activities include space technology, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering and product safety and has speciality laboratories and a test centre. This site gives descriptions of these core activities and the facilities available as well as covering news, events and conferences. There is also information on the ESA education programme as well as information for industry and how to go about doing business with ESA.

Exploring the Unknown : Selected Documents in the history of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume IV : Accessing Space

This provides access to the text of a NASA Special Publication, NASA SP-4407, edited by John M. Logsdon, with contributions by Ray A. Williamson and others, The NASA History Series, 1999. The documents selected for inclusion in this volume are presented in four major chapters. These chapters focus on the evolution toward the Saturn V rocket, the development of the Space Shuttle, space transportation commercialisation, and future space transportation possibilities. Each chapter in this volume is introduced by an overview essay. The text is available for viewing online or for downloading from the NASA History Office web site

Federal Aviation Administration : Quarterly Launch Report 4th Quarter 2008

This report from the FAA features launch results from the third quarter of 2008 (July - September 2008) and forecasts for the fourth quarter of 2008 (October - December 2008) and the first quarter of 2009 (January - March 2009). This report contains information on worldwide commercial, civil, and military orbital and commercial suborbital space launch events. Projected launches have been identified from open sources, including industry contacts, company manifests, periodicals, and government sources. Projected launches are subject to change. Full text; PDF file.

Federal Aviation Regulations - FAR Index

Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) - Chapters I and III, Federal Aviation Regulations. This is the offical Federal Administration Agency web site for Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs). Access to the full text documents is provided by the FAA Flight Standards Service. Chapter 1 contains parts 1 through 199. Chapter III, parts 400 through 440, relates to Commercial Space Transportation. The site also provides access to related information and links to other regulatory web sites. This includes a table of the most recent FAR amendments in PDF format.

Flightglobal.com

This is the website of Flight International, Airline Business, ACAS, Air Transport Intelligence (ATI) and The Flight Collection. It provides jobs, blogs, and primarily industry news. It is a large site and much of the content is to be found behind the browse links on the left of the page. These links are: aircraft, air transport, airlines, defence, safety, UAVs, helicopters, business and GA, maintenance, and spaceflight. The site contains the content of the current issues of Flight International and Airline Business as soon as it is published along with searchable archives going back to 1996 which are accessible to all. It also covers worldwide major air shows (Paris, Dubai, Asian Aerospace, and Farnborough) and produces daily newspapers during these events. There are three versions of the site - global, professional and expert.

Friction Compensation of Harmonic Drive Actuators

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by J.-P. Hauschild, G. R. Heppler and J. J. McPhee. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. Friction models and methods of friction compensation as applied to harmonic drive servo-actuators are investigated. In the absence of output torque measurements and output shaft encoder data nearly complete friction compensation is achieved. Simulation and experimental results showing the application of the friction compensation are given. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

From Simulations to Operations: Development in Test and Verification Equipment for Spacecraft TNG-GEN-TP-002

This technical report (NLR-TP-2001-323) was published by NLR (the National Aerospace Laboratory of the Netherlands) in 2001 and was written by L. J. Timmermans, T. Zwartbol, B. A. Oving, A. A. Casteleijn and M. P. A. M. Brouwer. Supported by Research and Development programs of the European Space Agency (ESA), simulation and test tools are being developed to improve the life cycle cost efficiency of spacecraft development. Standardisation and rationalisation, use of (C)OTS products, reuse of both software and hardware are some of the lines along which schedule optimisation and cost reduction is pursued. Based on experience with the development, production and use of test equipment for scientific satellites such as XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL, the National Aerospace Laboratory NLR is developing a next generation of Test and Verification Equipment (TVE) for spacecraft avionics systems, such as Attitude and Orbit Control Subsystems (AOCS). Starting points for these developments are the application of existing relevant technologies, modularity, scalability, commonality and reuse of tools, equipment and results during the various phases of the spacecraft life cycle. This paper will focus on the interface between TVE and ESA's latest generation Spacecraft Control and Operation System, SCOS-2000, as important element of the next generation TVE to enable reuse of technologies from simulations to flight operations. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available as a PDF file.

Great Images in NASA (GRIN)

Provided by NASA, this is a collection of over 1000 images of historical interest which is aimed at the media, publishers and the general public. The images have been scanned at high resolution and in several sizes. They can be found by browsing by subject then selecting the relevant category, searched by keyword and date, or browsed by the centre that produced the image. The photographs are not protected by copyright, unless it is stated, and NASA must be acknowledged as the source of the image.

Guide to Reusable Launch and Reentry Vehicle Software and Computing System Safety

This document is the first version guide to Reusable Launch and Reentry Vehicle Software and Computing System Safety. It was created by the FAA Commercial Space Transportation in July 2006. This guide is designed to aid reusable launch vehicle (RLV) and reentry vehicle (RV) operators in producing safe, reliable launch vehicles through the application of a systematic and logical process for identification, analysis, and control of software and computing system safety hazards and risks. The scope of this document is to provide assistance to launch vehicle operators in developing software and computing system safety analyses as well as improve the safety of their operations. The guide is not intended to cover all analysis methods to identify software and computing system hazards and risks or all aspects of the methods identified here. Reusable launch vehicles typically include ascent and descent phases of flight while RVs include only a descent phase. Although RLVs and RVs could technically be different types of vehicles, the software and computing system safety approaches described here are the same for both types of vehicles. For the purposes of this document, the terms “launch vehicle� and “RLV� are assumed to encompass both RLVs and RVs. This document is available free in pdf format.

Guidelines and Metrics for Assessing Space System Cost Estimates

This technical report (TR-418-AF) was produced by The RAND Corporation in 2008 and was written by Bernard Fox, Kevin Brancato and Brien Alkire. This handbook is designed to help analysts evaluate cost estimates of space systems. It assumes the reader understands common cost analysis methodologies but has limited experience with space systems. Its objectives are to help the analyst who is tasked with reviewing an estimate to plan the review; to identify the key programmatic, technical, and cost data needed; to highlight common issues to investigate; and to provide typical cost ranges for components of relevant historical space programs. The book supplements the Air Force Cost Analysis Agency’s spacecraft training course by focusing on the cost analysis implications of the systems and processes covered in the course. Appendixes provide relevant source material and suggested checklists. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Handbook of brittle material design technology

This is Research and Technology Organization (RTO) AGARD-AG-152, dated February 1971. Interest in the structural use of brittle non-metallic refractory materials in aerospace vehicles arises as a result of interest in re-entry vehicles and the continuing need for propulsion systems of increased performance. In both of these situations performance is dependent on the temperature capability of the structural materials. The presence of temperatures beyond the capability of most metallic materials has encouraged designers to study “ceramics� but, with the possible exception of inserts in the throats of some solid rocket motors, significant applications have not developed. Characteristically these materials show no plastic deformation before failure at temperatures of interest, and they have little toughness to arrest crack growth. These characteristics have resulted in a lack of confidence by designers, in such materials, and unwillingness to use them. The materials to which this handbook is intended to apply include oxides, carbides, borides and similar compounds. Graphite, in its many forms, is also included. The important characteristic of these materials is refractoriness, which permits them to be used in applications where the more structurally efficient metals are useless. Such materials have been used extensively in the past for high temperature applications, such as furnace linings, but these have involved ground installations where weight was generally not important. Currently the interest involves the high temperature applications generated by re-entering space vehicles and rocket engine compounds, but since these are extremely weight critical applications, substantial improvements in structural efficiency and reliability over those typical of the furnace type application must be obtained. Among the applications which are of current interest for this class of material are numerous components for winged re-entry vehicles or hypersonic atmospheric vehicles, and these include leading edge elements, nose caps, surface panels, which may or may not include elements for insulation, control surface structural parts, and engine intake structural parts. Rocket engine nozzles and chambers are the obvious propulsion applications. Bibliographic and abstract details are available in HTML format. A table of contents and the full text (76.36MB) of the document can be accessed online in PDF format. The document is contained in the RTO's Full Text Publication Library.

History of Shuttle-Mir

This large site is provided by NASA Human Spaceflight and is devoted to the Shuttle-Mir Program, when American astronauts spent more than 1000 days living with Russian astronauts aboard Mir. The site provides historical detail, organisational, cultural and operational information,personal accounts from the astronauts and details about the scientific experiments they undertook. Descriptive information about both craft is available whilst the reference section includes a site map, timeline, glossaries and related links. Five pre-arranged tours offer different perspectives on the Program and aid navigation.

ILC Dover

ILC develops high technology inflatable devices designed specifically for military and space applications. Some of the company's products include: space inflatables, space suits, Mars Pathfinder airbags, flotation systems and lighter-than-air components such as airship envelopes. Resources available include a company overview, details of its capabilities and business partnerships and presentations covering controlled deployment methods and rigidization technologies. It is also possible to subscribe to a free email newsletter.

Improving the Cost Estimation of Space Systems

This provides access to a Rand Organization publication written by Obaid Younossi ...[et al] and dated 2008. Why have the costs of acquiring space systems been so high? What are the sources of the problems? To answer these questions, RAND researchers examined the sources of cost growth of Air Force space systems and undertook an extensive study of two space systems — the Space Based Infrared System–High (SBIRS) and the Global Positioning System (GPS) — including an evaluation of their sources of cost growth, an assessment of their approaches to technical risk assessment, and an examination of their acquisition policy adaptations and industrial base environments. The researchers recommend independent program assessment for space systems that emphasizes technical and program factors, and a modified organizational structure that maintains cost analyst independence. They also summarize the cost estimating best practices of several other government organizations. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available in PDF format so Adobe Acrobat software is required in order to read it.

In Their Own Words : Voices of Jihad : Compilation and Commentary

This provides access to a book published by the Rand Organization compiled by David Aaron and dated 2008. The book presents the actual statements and writings of jihadis expressing their views on virtually every subject relevant to their cause. It is not about Islam as it is practiced in its many varieties in Muslim communities throughout the world, nor is it about Islamic fundamentalism or the various Islamist political movements. Rather, it is about a small group of Muslims who carry out and promote terrorism in the name of Islam. Because the jihadis' statements are often more appalling and more profoundly revealing than the accounts that have been written about jihadi terrorism, this book provides unfiltered access to a broad range of the stories, rationales, ideas, and arguments of jihadi terrorists and those who support them. Introductory and contextual material is also included, to provide the background and origins of what the jihadis are saying — to each other and to the world. It is hoped that this will provide greater insights into the motives, plans, and participants in jihadi terrorism, as well as the nature of the threat they pose. Not all of the quotations are from prominent jihadis. Some have been selected because they are representative, others because they are contradictory, and still others because they provide a unique insight into the jihadi mentality. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available in PDF format so Adobe Acrobat is required in order to read it.

Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS)

ISAS is the national research institute of Japan, and is dedicated to space and astronautical science. On October 1st 2003 it was merged with the National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan and the National Space Development Agency of Japan to form JAXA, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. ISAS conducts space science research by maximising the use of its own launch vehicles, scientific satellites, planetary probes, and balloons and its main research fields of the institute are within astrophysics, solar physics, space plasma physics and planetary science. The site provides an overview of current and future programmes and contains information on launchers, satellites and balloons. Findings from recent projects and an image gallery are also included.

International Academy of Astronautics (IAA)

The IAA was founded in 1960 by Theodore Von Karman. The Academy's aims are to foster the development of astronautics for peaceful purposes; recognize individuals who have distinguished themselves in a related branch of science or technology; and to provide a programme through which members may contribute to international endeavours and cooperate in the advancement of aerospace science. The web site provides an introduction to the Academy, its history and committee structure. The Technical Library section includes cosmic studies and position papers, some of which are available in full text; IAA Papers Data Base (listing of papers); and further details of IAA Commissions and publications. There is also a news and events section. Part of the site is restricted to IAA members.

International Society of Allied Weight Engineers

The International Society of Allied Weight Engineers is a not-for-profit organisation, with a membership consisting of engineers associated with shipbuilding, land transportation and other allied industries and technologies. One of its primary goals is to promote recognition of mass properties engineering as a specialized discipline within the spectrum of professional engineering. The Site contains background information on SAWE and its chapter organisations. The site provides a complete listing of SAWE technical papers (ordering information - no full text), and details of SAWE recommended practices and relevant military standards (some full text.) The SAWE Newsletter is available online, and there is an archive of past issues. Other documents include the SAWE Operations Manual and table of contents of a textbook, Introduction to Aircraft Weight Engineering

International Space University

Created in 1987, the International Space University (ISU) is an interdisciplinary, intercultural and international educational institution preparing its students to respond to the current needs and evolving demands of the space sector. In addition to the online prospectus and overview of the courses available, the site includes links to other Internet-based information resources for space science and technology, including databases, datasets, employment vacancies, and a search engine to the ISU's own information resource centre. An abstracts archive of presentations given at symposia over the past five years are also provided.

Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX)

This website provides information for NASA missions achieved with a small, lightweight spacecraft, launched on a Pegasus rocket that is dropped from an airplane, into a high altitude orbit that reaches 150 thousand miles above the Earth. The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) spacecraft is a sun-pointed spinner with 2 narrow angle FOV sensors (IBEX-Hi and IBEX-Lo) that view perpendicular to the spin axis. The payload consists of two devices specialized to detect neutral atoms from the solar system's outer boundaries and galactic medium. The Sun and solar system move through a part of the galaxy referred to as the local interstellar medium. It is built up from material released from the stars of our galaxy through stellar winds, novae, and supernovae. Images taken from Interstellar Boundary Explorer's (IBEX) mission reveal global properties of the interstellar boundaries that separate our heliosphere from the local interstellar medium. IBEX's objective is to discover the global interaction between the solar wind and the interstellar medium. IBEX achieves this objective by taking a set of global energetic neutral atom (ENA) images that answer four fundamental science questions which are: What is the global strength and structure of the termination shock? How are energetic protons accelerated at the termination shock? What are the global properties of the solar wind flow beyond the termination shock and in the heliotail? How does the interstellar flow interact with the heliosphere beyond the heliopause? This website provides useful information and links to other institutions that collaborate with the particular project.

Investing in Space : The Challenge for Europe

This is the second report of the European Space Agency's Long-term Space Policy Committee (LSPC). The report addresses three challenges that Europe faces at the turn of the century, challenges that will influence its future based on economic prosperity, quality of life, collective security and global solidarity. The report was published as ESA/SP-2000, in 1999. It is available online in PDF format.

James Webb Space Telescope- the first light machine

The goal of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is to observe the first stars and galaxies in the Universe. This grand effort is embedded in fundamental questions that have been posed to NASA's Space Science program. There is a link to the JWST Deployment video.

JAXA Digital Archives

Since October 1 2003 the three principal Japanese aerospace organisations (ISAS, NAL, NASDA) have been merged into one independent administrative institution; the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The JAXA Digital Archives provides access to a collection of online images and photos. These include launch vehicles and space transportation systems, International Space Station (ISS) and human space exploration, earth observation, communication, positioning and satellites, space science and space engineering research projects. Image types contained in the archives include computer graphics, illustrations, drawings, satellite images and monochrome and colour photos. The JAXA web site also contains an archive of The NASDA Report, a monthly news journal produced by the National Space Development Agency of Japan.

John Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory Technical Digest

The APL Technical Digest is published quarterly and is a technical journal aimed at promoting the work of the laboratory. The site provides the full text of articles and there is an archive to 1995. The APL is a not-for-profit division of John Hopkins University, whose specialties include research in missiles, radar, sonar, sensor technologies, space science and engineering, modelling and simulation.

Johnson Technical Reports Server

This database can be searched on its own from this site, or as part of the NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS). The service allows searching of official technical reports released by the Johnson Space Center. The reports can be searched by free text, or browsed by year and abstract or citation. The service covers reports published from 1993 to the present day. There is an active listing of the reports that are available in full for downloading in PDF format.

Kayser-Threde

This company specialises in the development and manufacture of complex systems for aerospace, scientific and industrial applications focusing on space applications. This site provides information about the company and gives an overview of their products and research which includes optical systems, scientific instruments for use in space and data management. The site is also available in German.

Kistler Aerospace Corporation

Kistler Aerospace plans to design, build, and profitably operate a fleet of reusable aerospace vehicles capable of placing communications satellites into low earth orbit. Design features will increase their payload capacities and they will operate with small ground launch crews. The site provides a company overview, which includes a description of Kistler aerospace vehicles. There are separate sections covering the K-1 flight profile, and access to company press releases.

Launchspace Professional Training

Launchspace Training is a division of Launchspace, Inc. a space technology company that provides training and consulting services to the space industry. The site includes an online catalogue, which describes the training courses available. Topics covered by the training include space systems, space applications, software and computer applications, launch vehicles, management and cost analysis.

Laying the Foundation for Space Solar Power : An Assessment of NASA's Space Solar Power Investment Strategy

This provides access to the text of a National Research Council, Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board report, prepared by the Committee for the Assessment of NASA's Space Solar Power Investment Strategy, 2001. The report presents an examination of the technology investment strategy of the Solar Power for Space Program, in order to assess its technical soundness and contribution to the roadmap that NASA has developed for the programme. The text is provided in Open Book page image format. The images are linked to pdf files for ease of printing.

Managing Space Radiation Risk in the New Era of Space Exploration

Published in 2008 by the National Academies Press, this book is available in full text in PDF format (you need to create a sign-in to download PDF versions). This report has been produced by the Committee on the Evaluation of Radiation Shielding for Space Exploration, in the light of the Vision for Space Exploration. It reviews and identifies critical gaps in current knowledge of radiation environments on the surfaces of the Moon and Mars; assesses and identifies critical gaps in the current understanding of radiation health risks faced by astronauts during various surface activities; reviews current and projected approaches to and capabilities for radiation shielding, as well as other feasible strategies for mitigation of exposure to radiation; recommends a comprehensive strategy for mitigating the radiation risks for astronauts during lunar surface missions to levels consistent with NASA’s radiation exposure guidelines; provides recommendations on what technology investments NASA should be making in preparation for lunar missions, and recommends development timelines to ensure that NASA has the appropriate level of radiation shielding in place to meet the planned schedules for keeping radiation exposures beneath their prescribed limits.

Mars Science Laboratory

The Mars Science Laboratory is being designed to assess whether Mars ever had an environment capable of supporting microbial life. Determining past habitability on Mars gives NASA and the scientific community a better understanding of whether life could have existed on the red planet. Mars Science Laboratory is part of a series of expeditions to the red planet that help meet the main science goals of the Mars Exploration Program to determine whether life ever arose on Mars, to characterize the geology and climate of Mars and finally to prepare for human exploration. This website is part of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and provides useful links to events, features, mission, people, technology, and science of Mars Exploration Program.

Marshall Space Flight Center Home Page

This page provides detailed background information to the Marshall Space Flight Center, including explanations of how it is organised and the activities that it is involved in - primarily space propulsion and transport systems. The News Centre is aimed at the media but is of value to anybody who wishes to keep up to date with the latest developments at the Centre. Information about research and educational opportunities is provided. The site also links to highlights including X-planes, the Space Shuttle and the Space Station. A site search facility is provided.

MD Robotics

This company specialises in space robotics. The site provides background information and the latest company news in addition to information about the Canadarm, or Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS) which the company designed, developed and built. Specifications and a flight history, as well as images and video of the Candarm in service are available from the site. Details about the shuttle Mobile Servicing System (MSS) are also provided. The site includes descriptions of how the company has used space technology in applications on Earth too. MD Robotics is a wholly owned subsidiary of MacDonald,Dettwiler and Associates (MDA) of Richmond, B.C.

Microcosm Autonomous Navigation System On-Orbit Operation

Written by R.W. Hosken and J. Wertz, this Microcosm Inc. technical paper discusses the operation of the Microcosm Autonomous Navigation System (MANS). This was launched as an Air Force Phillips Laboratory Technology for Autonomous Operational Survivability (TAOS) experimental payload on March 13, 1994. The paper describes how MANS was implemented on TAOS and presents results to date of the MANS on-orbit operation and evaluation. It is available in HTML format.

Microcosm Inc.

Established in 1984, Microcosm is a small business, specializing in reducing space mission cost. It is currently developing via contracts with U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, the Scorpius family of ultra-low-cost launch vehicles. The company also provides services and products to space mission engineers, educational programmes, aerospace software tools, and a selection of astronautics books that can be ordered online. The site includes a company profile, press releases, and information on products, sevices and expertise. This includes access to a number of publications relating specifically to Scorpius. The company's list of other publications includes Space Mission Analysis and Design, Reducing Space Mission Cost, and the Journal of Reducing Space Mission Cost.

Miniature Loop Heat Pipe with a Flat Evaporator - Thermal Modelling - Experimental Results

This technical report (NLR-TP-2002-273) was published by NLR (the National Aerospace Laboratory of the Netherlands) in 2002 and was written by A. A. M. Delil and V. Baturkin. This report contains two papers, being: - "Modelling of a Miniature Loop Heat Pipe with a Flat Evaporator", presented at the 32th International Conference on Environmental Systems (San Antonio, Texas, 14-18 July 2002). - "Experiments on Heat transfer Phenomena in a Miniature Loop Heat Pipe with a Flat Evaporator", presented at the 12th International Heat Pipe Conference (Moscow, Kostrama, Moscow, 19-24 May 2002). The reported activities were carried out within the INTAS-UKRAINE project 95-0196 "Research of Heat & Mass Transfer Processes in Passive Two-Phase Systems for Heat Transportation and Temperature Control for Usage in Energy Saving Equipment", by a team led by the project co-ordinator and scientific responsible, A.A.M. Delil (NLR). The Ukrainian team, leader was V. Baturkin (National Technical University of Ukraine "Kyiv Polytechnic Institute KPI"). Other Ukrainian contributors to the project were employed at KPI (O. Habatuk, Yu. Friedrichson, Yu. Khmelev, V. Kravec, D. Oliferenko, V. Savina, A. Savchenko, K. Shcoda, S. Zhuk and T. Zinchenko), at the National Space University "Kharkiv Aviation Institute" (G.A. Gorbenko, P.G. Gakal, K.A. Malukhin, V.I. Ruzaykin, N.I. Ivanenko, E.I. Ganja, N.A. Nrus, A.P. Sazonov and K.S. Epifanov), and at the "Institute for Low-Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (V.V. Abraimov and L. Kolibaev). [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available as a PDF file.

Minimum-Parameter Representations of N-Dimensional Principal Rotations

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by Andrew J. Sinclair and John E. Hurtado. The Conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. Classic techniques have been established to characterize SO(N) using the N-dimensional Euler?s theorem and the Cayley transform. These techniques provide separate descriptions of N-dimensional orientation in terms of the constituent principal rotations or a minimum-parameter representation. The two descriptions can be linked by the canonical form of the extended Rodrigues parameters. This form is developed into a minimum-parameter representation that directly links to the principal rotations. The new representation can be solved analytically for N = 3 and numerically for higher dimensions. The new parameters represent a projection of the principal rotations onto the planes formed by the body coordinates. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Mission Design and System Requirements for a Multiple-Function Orbital Transfer Vehicle

Written by Hans F. Meissinger, John T. Collins, this paper was presented at the AIAA Space Technology Conference and Exposition at Albuquerque, New Mexico in September 1999. It presents functional and design concepts, as well as a number of scenarios, for use of a low-cost simple Orbital Transfer Vehicle. Preliminary cost estimates, a development schedule, and a list of maneuver performance requirements are also included. This is a PDF file [194k] so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Modelling and Neural Control of Satellites with Flexible Appendages

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by P.A. Gili, M. Battipede and L. Massotti. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. This paper is concerned with the design and comparison of attitude neural controllers for satellites provided with large flexible appendages. Two different control architectures are analysed: a predictor-corrector and an adaptive-critic control system. Using the capabilities of the neural networks to approximate nonlinear dynamics systems, the neural controllers are accomplished in order to orient the satellite toward the desired target while minimizing the strain energy of the panels. The results are given in term of performance comparison and control activity. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Modelling of Active Space Structures for Vibration Control

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by A. Tralli, L. Rutigliano, M. Olivier , D. Sciacovelli and P. Gaudenzi. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. Active materials offer many opportunities to improve the performance of space systems, among which the possibility to control the vibration of lightweight structures. In this paper, a FEM simulation of laminated shell structures with piezoelectric elements is used to study an active payload support developed as a technology demonstrator in the frame of an ESA program. The code is then used in conjunction with the MATLAB code to provide a preliminary evaluation of the response of the system, subject to closed loop control. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software is required in order to read it.

MOSAIC : Automated Model Transfer in Simulator Development

This technical report (NLR-TP-2002-628) was published by NLR (the National Aerospace Laboratory of the Netherlands) in 2002 and was written by W. F. Lammen, A. H. W. Nelisse and A. A. ten Dam. In large (space) programmes the road from feasibility study to operations and/or training may be long and demanding. During a typical programme many application models will be developed and usually different development environments are used during different phases of a programme. The Model-Oriented Software Automatic Interface Converter (MOSAIC) automates transfer of simulation models from MATLAB(r)/Simulink(r)/Stateflow(r) to both EuroSim and to ESA's Simulation Model Portability (SMP) standard. Updates of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) tools and model standard definitions result in an upgrade of MOSAIC. Developments of MOSAIC are driven by customer requests. The MOSAIC product is developed and maintained by the National Aerospace Laboratory NLR. MOSAIC already is an important ingredient of various space development projects like ATV, SMART-I and GSSF. It has been experienced that the use of MOSAIC reduces costs, time, and effort in simulator development. In this paper the wide applicability and the use of MOSAIC is discussed. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available as a PDF file.

Multiplicative vs. Additive Filtering for Spacecraft Attitude Determination

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by F. Landis Markley. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. The absence of a globally nonsingular three-parameter representation of rotations forces attitude Kalman filters to estimate either a singular or a redundant attitude representation. We compare two filtering strategies using simplified kinematics and measurement models. Our favored strategy estimates a three-parameter representation of attitude deviations from a reference attitude specified by a higherdimensional nonsingular parameterization. The deviations from the reference are assumed to be small enough to avoid any singularity or discontinuity of the threedimensional parameterization. We point out some disadvantages of the other strategy, which directly estimates the four-parameter quaternion representation. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

NASA : New Millennium Program

This is one of a number of NASA programmes which are intended to lead to the develoment of advanced technologies and mission concepts for future incorporation into NASA missions. Amongst the new technologies being explored under the New Millennium Program (NMP) are solar electric (ion) propulsion and spacecraft flying in formation. The programme web site brings together a variety of information resources including descriptions and links to individual NMP missions - Deep Space 1; Deep Space 2; Earth Observing 1; Earth Observing 3; Space Technology 5; Space Technology 6; Space Technology 7 and Space Technology 8. The site also contains descriptive overviews of the technology, the program; the science objectives; an educational outreach area; and news archive. NMP is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

NASA : Sound Management and Oversight Key to Addressing Crew Exploration Vehicle Project Risks

This provides access to a US Government Accountability Office Report (GAO-06-1127T) dated September 2006. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) plans to spend nearly $230 billion over the next two decades implementing the President's Vision for Space Exploration (Vision) plans. In July 2006, GAO issued a report that questioned the program's affordability, and particularly, NASA's acquisition approach for one of the program's major projects--the Crew Exploration Vehicle(CEV). This testimony, which is based upon that report and another recent GAO report evaluating NASA's acquisition policies, highlights GAO's continuing concerns with (1) the affordability of the exploration program; (2) the acquisition approach for the CEV, and; (3) NASA's acquisition policies that lack requirements for projects to proceed with adequate knowledge. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available in PDF format so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division

Based at NASA Ames Research Center, the NAS Systems Division is part of the Information Sciences and Technology Directorate. The Division's mission is to develop, demonstrate, and deliver high perfomance computing capabilites to support NASA projects and missions. The NAS Division is leading the effort to build and test NASA?s Information Power Grid (lPG), a network of high performance computers, data storage devices, scientific instruments, and advanced user interfaces. The web site provides an introduction and overview of NAS activities including: mission and goals; research and technology; projects; resources; organisational structure; collaborators; history of achievement; feature stories and press releases. Gridpoints, the Division's quarterly published in-house journal, can be accessed online in PDF format. The papers and reports section provides full text access to technical reports, grant reports and conference papers produced by NAS staff. A selection of software programmes for visualizing computational fluid dynamics and other data are available for downloading. The site also offers sample datasets that represent simulations computed by researchers on systems at the NAS facility including: Multi-Component wing; Space Shuttle Launch Vehicle; Delta wing at 40 degrees angle of attack; Ring galaxies; Blunt fin; Tapered cylinder; Flat plate; Impinging jet; Liquid oxygen post; Substructures in turbulent spots; and Plot3D tutorial data (wingbodytail). The site contains a media resources section which includes press releases, feature stories, fact sheets, and a multimedia Library of high-resolution photos, graphics, and video clips.

NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD)

The ARMD at NASA Headquarters is responsible for guiding and managing NASA's aeronautics research, and defining the investments that NASA makes on behalf of the nation. NASA's 2003 Strategic Plan categorises the funding for is major research areas in topics designated as "Themes." The ARMD is responsible for the "Aeronautics Technology Theme" which consists of three integrated programmes: the Aviation Safety and Security Program; the Airspace Systems Program; and the Vehicle Systems Program. The programs are responsible for the research, development, and transfer of advanced concepts and technologies that are critical to the future of aeronautics in areas that are beyond the risk level or capability of other organisations. The enterprise team is represented by 5 NASA field centers, Ames Research Center, Dryden Flight Research Center, John H. Glenn Research Center, Langley Research Center, and Marshall Space Flight Center. The web site provides descriptions of the ARMD's three programmes areas, and make available a range of strategy, planning and report documents. Other sections of the site provide access to information on current events; exhibits and traveling programmes; educational activities including publications and software, web-based learning, distance learning, and student competitions, and multimedia collections. Links are provided to the ARMD Library which contains current documents and archives document and images, and links to the NASA centres which support the ARMD's programmes.

NASA History Division

The NASA History Program was first established in 1959, and its responsible for documenting and preserving the agency's history and development. The web site provides a brief historical outline and has a Hot History Topics/Frequently Asked Questions section. The site has separate sections devoted to the history of aeronautics and astronautics at NASA. The site contains technical diagrams and drawings covering: Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, and Space Shuttle. The various information resources on the site can be accessed using an alphabetic topic index or by keyword search.

NASA Langley Research Center - Multimedia Repository

This web site provides access to NASA Langley Research Center's library of digital images. The objective of the service is to facilitate online access to digitised photographs, computer-generated images and other digital sources such as movies and videos. All of the images are in JPEG format.Thumbnail (~96x96), Small (~544x480); Medium (~1280x1024) (if available); and Large (~3072x2432) (if available). The repository can be browsed or searched. Browse headings include aircraft, devices, education, events, laboratories, people, projects, space transportation, wind tunnels and new multimedia. The site also contains a Frequently Asked Questions, and a comments/question section.

NASA Langley Research Center

This is the home page of the NASA Langley Research Center. Its primary concerns are airframe systems, atmospheric sciences and structures and materials research. The site describes the research that the Center carries out, information on doing business with it, and provides access to LISAR, the Langley Image Scanning Archival and Retrieval system which contains a database of photographs of NASA and NACA research undertaken at Langley. The site also features the Langley Factsheet Server which provides full text details about many of Langley's research programmes, the Langley Technical Report Server (LTRS) for searching and browsing technical reports, some of which are available in full in PDF format, and latest news.

NASA Langley Technical Library Digital Repository

LTRS (Langley Research Center Technical Report Server) is a service which allows users to search available online NASA Langley published documents, including Meeting Presentations, Journal Articles, Conference Proceedings, and Technical Reports. All documents are unclassified and publicly available. You can browse by author, title, date or collection and a simple and advanced search form are also available. You can also sign-up to receive email updates.

NASA Office of Space Flight

Concerned with the exploration of space and the development of appropriate technologies, Office of Space Flight programmes are primarily concerned with the production of spacecraft and space facilities, and the site provides access to information on past space launches and technical specifications and overviews of space shuttles and space stations. The strategic plan is also available, as are the Space Shuttle Independent Assessment Team report and Interagency working group reports. There are also resources covering the Space Transportation Programme and the International Space Station.

NASA Strategic Plan 2000

This page provides access to the full text of the most recent NASA strategic plan. The report includes the administrator's strategic outlook, information concerning NASA's Strategic Management System, external assessment, the framework of the policy, strategic enterprises, and partnerships and collaboration. It is available in PDF format only, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

NASA Tech Briefs Online : Engineering Solutions for Design and Manufacturing

This newsletter site includes articles and news items on the latest spin-off developments from NASA including a TechSearch of over 6000 technologies available for license. Free subscription is available and an archive is available to search as well as a Tech Brief library to browse. A new NanoTech Brief is available as well as news items and articles on the latest developments in the bio-medical, materials, mechanics, motion control, manufacturing, machinery, photonics and test and measurement fields.

NASA Technical Standards Program

This site acts as a common access point for technical standards either developed by NASA, or adopted for use on NASA programmes. Standards developed by NASA, or pending development are available in full text in PDF format. The site offers a facility which allows for searching of preferred standards by document number, category, title or full text (NASA standards only). There is also access to a lessons learned/best practice database, information about standards under development, proposal submittals and links to technical standards organisations.

NASA Thesaurus

The NASA Thesaurus is a two-volume document which contains the authorized subject terms by which the documents in the NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) databases are indexed and retrieved. Volume 1 is a hierarchical listing with definitions which contains all subject terms and USE cross references currently approved for use. It also displays the full hierarchical structure for each term. Volume 2 provides a rotated term display, a reference tool which provides thousands of additional access points to the thesaurus terminology. Although the thesaurus was last published in print in 1998, there is also a supplement containing new terms which is updated every six months. Both volumes and the supplement are available from this page in PDF format.

NASA's Three Pillars to Success Brochure

This publication outlines the NASA technology goals which reflect the national priorities for aeronautics and space. Its contents are divided into 'Three Pillars' which are: Global Civil Aviation, Revolutionary Technology Leaps and Access to Space. The brochure is in PDF format. It is 9 pages long and a bibliography is included.

National Aerospace Laboratory (NLR)

This is the home page of the NLR, an independent non-profit research institute based in the Netherlands. It undertakes research for both national and international customers. The site provides background information about the institute including its annual report and latest news. A section of the site is devoted to describing NLR's research activities, which are within civil and military aviation, aircraft development, space technology and non-aerospace applications of aerospace technology.

National Space Centre

The National Space Centre is the UK's largest attraction dedicated to space science and astronomy. It's objectives are to present the significance of space and planetary science, astronomy and technology to the public, to promote a wider understanding of space science and to demonstrate its significance to life on Earth in the 21st century. Resources available to date include press releases and public statements, descriptions of the centre, contact information, and useful links.

National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

The National Technical Information Service is the official source for U.S. scientific, technical, engineering, and business-related information. This web site includes a searchable database which enables retrieval of bibliographic references to items added to the NTIS (National Technical Information Service) database since 1990. The service can also be browsed by specific topic areas. Items available include technical reports, CD-ROMs, datafiles, videotapes, and audiocassettes. NTIS is concerned with the sale and distribution of US Government funded research reports. Aerospace is one of the key subject areas covered by the database.

Nonlinear Instabilities in Rotating Multibody Systems

This web site provides access to a University of Queensland Department of Mechanical Engineering PhD thesis, by Paul Anthony Meehan, dated December 1996. The thesis is concerned with the identification of nonlinear instabilities in rotating multibody systems and susequent control to eliminate these vibrations. Bibliographic and abstract details are available in HTML format. The title page, contents and the full text of the document are accessible online in PDF format. This title is a part of the Australian Digital Theses (ADT) Program

Nonlinear transient response of thermally loaded laminated panels

This paper was given at the 5th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by D. C. D. Oguamanam, J. S. Hansen and G. R. Heppler. The conference took place in July 2002 at King's College, Cambridge. The nonlinear response of a composite laminated panel suddenly exposed to a heat flux giving rise to a spatially uniform but time-dependent temperature distribution is examined. The panel is cantilevered onto a rigid hub and the elastic deformations are modelled via the von K?arm?an strain-displacement relations and the Reissner-Mindlin kinematic assumptions. The nonlinear governing equations are solved by the Newton-Raphson method in conjunction with the Newmark time integration scheme. The results obtained from the linearized governing equations are presented, along with a parametric study of the effects of the geometric nonlinearity and the panel shallowness. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Numerical and Experimental Results of Passive Control for Noise and Vibration Reduction

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures (DCSSS) conference by T. Polito and F. Marulo. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. During last years many research projects have been funded by European and American Institutions with the aim to increase passengers? acoustical and vibrational comfort, in aerospace as well as in automotive field. In order to control noise radiated and vibration levels in vehicles and structures, different approaches have been used. Hybrid active-passive damping treatments seem to be the most effective by combining robustness and reliability of passive methods with high performance of active ones. Experiences gained on using passive damping treatments, mainly on 2-D structures, have been used for studying typical truss space structures and assessing the ability of damping treatments to reduce structural vibrations. In addition, the temperature sensitivity of viscoelastic damping materials has been experimentally measured and its effect simulated in numerical models. The paper presents the characteristics of viscoelastic damping materials within ?glassy? and ?rubbery? behaviour?s typical temperature, and discusses the possibility to use them, in a numerical model, for simulating damping treatment?s effect in operating conditions on dynamic response of a truss structure. The results obtained during these preliminary studies are quite discouraging leading to the conclusion of the inefficient use of such damping treatments for truss-like structures. Completely different results are obtained, on the other hand, when using active control approach, which may be even technologically more efficient, for such kind of structures. As a final results a sort of hybrid truss-panel structure has been studied which may offer an alternative approach to reduce the vibrations of such typical structural architecture. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Ocean Surface Topography Mission (OSTM)

This website provides information regarding the Ocean Surface Topography Mission (OSTM), which is a cooperative effort between NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) and the Center National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), the space agency of France. OSTM is a follow-on to Jason-1 and will provide continuity of ocean topography measurements beyond Jason-1 and TOPEX/Poseidon. OSTM will measure sea surface height to an accuracy of < 4 cm every ten days. Sea surface topography measured by satellite altimeters has numerous applications important to global environmental monitoring including predicting hurricane intensification, improving tide models, mapping deep ocean bathymetry, monitoring and forecasting El Niño Southern Oscillation, measuring the rate of global sea level rise, and charting surface currents. Other applications include coastal zone management and disaster management.

Online Index of Objects Launched into Outer Space

This service is provided by the United National Office of Outer Space Affairs (OOSA). It offers a fast way of finding information on satellites launched from 1957 onwards and provides links between objects and their relevant documents of registration with the United Nations. It can be searched in a number of ways including names and international designators in the public domain, launch date and place and launch vehicle. Details returned include launch date, date of decay or change and function.

Open Channel Foundation

The aim of this US based organisation is to publish innovative open source software for a wide range of scientific and engineering applications. Much of the software available from the site has been produced from within the academic and research community. Over 200 software programmes are available. The site offers search and browse access to the software. The list of disciplines covered includes aerodynamics, antenna design and satellite communications; CAD CAM CAE, crack growth and fatigue analysis; digital signal processing, failure analysis, finite element analysis, life support systems, navigation and radar, optics and lasers, spacecraft design, and trajectories and orbital mechanics.

Optimal impulsive maneuvers in orbital transfers

This paper was given at the 5th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by Silvano Sgubini and Paolo Teofilatto. The conference took place in July 2002 at King's College, Cambridge. In the present paper several strategies for impulsive orbit transfer between circular orbits are compared. From analytical formulas it turns out that N =3 is the maximum number of impulses for optimal transfers between coplanar circular orbits. Partial analytical results and numerical evidence support the conclusion that three is also the maximum number of impulses in the non planar case. The authors are not aware of a direct analytical proof of this fact, and such a proof seems difficult because the equations of the optimal distribution of plane variations on several impulses are rather implicit. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Orthogonal Global/Local Approximation in N-dimensions : Applications to Input-Output Approximation

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by J.L. Junkins, P. Singla, D.T. Griffith and T. Henderson. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. Several approximation ideas are presented. The main idea discussed is a weighting function technique that generates a global family of overlapping preliminary approximations whose centroids of validity lie on at the vertices of an N-dimensional grid, with vertices separated by a uniform step h. These preliminary approximations are constructed so they represent the behavior in hypercubes with a volume (2h)N centered on a typical vertex in the grid. These volumes, where the preliminary approximations are valid, overlap by 50% and are averaged in the overlapped hN volume hypercubes, interior to each contiguous set of 2N vertices, to determine final approximations. We establish an averaging method that ensures these final approximations are globally piecewise continuous with adjacent approximations determined in an analogous averaging process, to some prescribed order of partial differentiation. The continuity conditions are enforced by using a unique set of weighting functions in the averaging process. The weight functions are designed to guarantee the global continuity conditions while retaining near complete freedom on the selection of the generating local approximations. However, if the preliminary local approximations are chosen as linear combinations of a set of basis functions constructed such that they are orthogonal with respect to the weight functions, then many advantages are realized, as demonstrated in the paper. Construction of the new set of orthogonal polynomials, and several properties of these functions are novel results presented in this paper. This paper enables a first: piecewise continuous least square approximation in N-dimensions, using orthogonal functions. Several applications are given which provide a basis for optimism on the practical value of the ideas presented. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Preparing for a 21st Century Program of Integrated, Lunar and Martian Exploration and Development : 5th Cosmic Study of the IAA

This web site provides access to an International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) cosmic study prepared by H.H. Koelle (Editor-in-Chief), D.G. Stephenson (Assistant editor) and others, dated July 2000. The study reviews the most recent results of a continuing effort to predict and analyse the course, manner and ultimate aims of the twenty first century exploration and development of the Moon and the planet Mars. It assumes that a human presence on these bodies will be essential and emphasizes the rationale, the strategic restraints, the program structure, stages in the development of the programme and initial organization. The executive summary (19 pages) is available in HTML format, and a link is provided to the full text (101 pages, 64 tables and 16 figures) in PDF format.

Rapid Interplanetary Round Trips at Moderate Energy

Written by James Wertz, Microcosm, Inc., this paper was presented at the International Astronautics Federation Congress, Oct. 4-8, 2004, Vancouver, BC, Canada, IAC-04-Q.2.a.11. It describes a new class of “rapid round trip” interplanetary missions for which the principal characteristic is a total mission duration that is 1 or more years shorter than the traditional round trip using Hohmann transfers. It is available as a PDF file [181k] so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Real Time Failure Detection in Smart Structures using Wavelet Analysis

This paper was given at the 5th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures (DCSSS) conference by M-F. Dandine and D. Necsulescu. The conference took place in July 2002 at King's College, Cambridge. Flexible structures equipped with piezoelectric actuators and sensors have the capability of detecting in real time the occurrence of defects in structural connections by generating flexural excitations and analysing the response. In previous work, this method used transient response and frequency analysis for computing damage index for the flexible structure. In the present paper a new approach, based on wavelet analysis is proposed. Analytical and experimental results illustrate the capability of the proposed method to detect the occurrence of failures in smart structures. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Reducing Planetary Mission Cost by a Modified Launch Mode

Written by Hans Meissinger and Simon Dawson, this paper was presented at the 3rd IAA International Conference on Low-Cost Planetary Missions on April 27 - May 1 1998 at Pasadena, CA. It describes a modified launch mode and examines the various cost saving categories it offers. It compares the different mission and system requirements associated with the conventional and the modified launch mode, and describes cost differences and implementation factors. This is a PDF file [61k] so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Rendezvous with the New Millennium

This site provides the first report produced by the European Space Agency's Long-term Space Policy Committee (LSPC). The report attempts to present an outlook for space for the period 2000 - 2050. The report was published as ESA/SP-1187, in January 1995. The full text is available in HTML format.

Research Issues on Two-Phase Loops for Space Applications

This technical report (NLR-TP-2000-703) was published by NLR (the National Aerospace Laboratory of the Netherlands) in 2000 and was written by A. A. M. Delil. This publication constitutes a presentation, given during a stay as visiting professor in microgravity fluid physics at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) in Sagamihara, Japan. The presentation, discussing different research topics on two-phase loops for space applications, was given at ISAS at the Symposium on Space Flight Mechanics, 7-8 December. The paper gives an overview of heat and mass transfer research issues on the development of spacecraft two-phase thermal control systems, more specifically development of two-phase loop technology. It discusses the justification of two-phase loop research for aerospace applications, distinguishing the different loop options: The Mechanically Pumped Loop (MPL), the Capillary Pumped Loop (CPL) and Loop Heat Pipe (LHP), and the Vapour Pressure Pumped Loop (VPPL). It describes applications foreseen and results of two in-orbit experiments with NLR involvement, successfully carried out to prove the technology for applications in space. The first one concerns a CPL, ESA's Two-Phase eXperiment TPX I, the second concerns a LHP, the US Loop Heat Pipe Flight eXperiment LHPFX. It presents also design and development supporting theoretical work: The approach of thermal/gravitational modelling and scaling of two-phase heat transport systems, different aspects of gravity level dependent two-phase flow pattern mapping, and condensation. It concludes with a brief description of two-phase research issues currently ongoing at NLR, being hardware developments to be flown in the near future on the International Space Station, ISS. One concerns two-phase cooling loops for the thermal control of the 4-years lasting Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-2) experiment. The other is NLR's versatile two-phase loop for the Convection Interfacial Mass Exchange Experiment (CIMEX-3), to be executed in the Fluid Science Laboratory, FSL. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available as a PDF file.

Review of Business Support Related Civil Space Activities

This report draws together the findings and recommendations from a research study commissioned by the United Kingdom's Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) working with the British National Space Centre (BNSC). The work was undertaken by consultants SQW Limited in collaboration with academics from SPRU at the University of Sussex. It was published in November 2003 by the DTI's Technology, Economics, Statistics and Evaluation Unit (TESE). The work focussed on five programmes that help UK firms to undertake research and / or development work in connection with the space-related activities. The overall remit of the study was to strengthen the evidence base for business support-related civil space activity. The report draws on four modules that are presented as free-standing documents in a technical report. They cover: Methodology; Space Industry Context; Upstream results; and Downstream Market Applications. The text is available as a series of PDF files.

Review of Development of the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by Rade Vignjevic. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. The paper gives an overview of developments of the SPH method. Especial attention is given to the main shortcomings of the original form of the method namely consistency, tensile instability and zero energy modes. An example ofderivation of correction necessary to assure first order consistency is given. The origin of the tensile instability and few proposed solutions to this problem are described. Similar consideration is given with respect to the zero energy modes typical for the collocational SPH method. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Review of NASA’s Aerospace Technology Enterprise: An Assessment of NASA’s Pioneering Revolutionary Technology Program

This is a report prepared by the National Research Council's Committee for the Review of NASA's Pioneering Revolutionary Technology (PRT), Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 2003. Please note this is a prepublication copy which might be subject to further editorial correction. The report provides a technical assessment of the quality of the PRT program and its components and provides recommendations for improving the program. Bibliographic and abstract information is available in HTML format, access to the full text is provided online in Open Book format with printable PDF files, and an abridged reports version is also available in PDF format

Robust Control of Large Flexible Appendages for Future Space Missions

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by Guillaume Bodineau, S颡stien Boulade, BenoFrapard, Wen-Hua Chen, Sohrab Salehi and Finn Ankersen. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. Future space missions will involve large and lightweight structures. These large structures will feature low stiffness to avoid prohibitive mass and the corresponding missions will face the new challenge of control design in the presence of uncertain, large and flexible structures. Recent developments in robust control allow to handle control issues raised by these structures. This paper presents the retained benchmarks and the evaluation of a series of promising robust control techniques, and demonstrates their benefits for the future missions, i.e. the design of control systems for missions including large flexible structures. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

RSSD Electronic Preprint Delivery Service

Provided by ESA's Research and Scientific Support Department, this service provides access to over 1000 full text electronic preprints. The papers can be accessed by author, date and document reference.

Russian Space Agency (RKA)

The site provides information on Russian space activities provided by the Marshall Space Flight Center. The site includes information on launch vehicles and launch facilities, the MIR space station and the shortlived Russian Buran space shuttle. There is also a gallery of images and video clips.

Self-Configuring Network for Launch Vehicle and Satellite Avionics

This paper produced by John T. Collins, Microcosm Inc., and L. Jane Hansen and Jon Pollack, HRP Systems. It describes the development of a self-configuring avionics network, scheduled for test on a sounding rocket in late 2003 or early 2004. This system is extendable to spacecraft avionics and housekeeping functions, enabling true plug-and-play capability. The text is available as a PDF file so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Simulation of Hypervelocity Spacecrafts and Orbital Debris Collisions using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics in LS-DYNA

This paper was given at the 5th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by J.L.Lacome, Ch. Espinosa and C. Gallet. The conference took place in July 2002 at King's College, Cambridge. This paper is devoted to the results of simulations of hypervelocity impacts on thin aluminium plates using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) option of the LS-DYNA hydrocode. SPH is a meshless Lagrangian numerical technique used to model the fluid equations of motion. SPH has proved to be useful in certain class of problems where large mesh distortions occur such as high velocity impact, crash simulations or compressible fluid dynamics. The simulation of an aluminium sphere impacting two aluminium plates at a velocity of 5.5 km/s is presented. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Technical Papers

The web site provides access to a database of Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) ground vehicle papers and aerospace papers published since February 1998. The database provides bibliographic information including, title, paper number, author, meeting where presented, and associated book number. The database can be searched by keyword or paper number. Papers published since February 1998 can be downloaded as a charged service.

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)

The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) is a membership organisation of engineers, business executives, educators, and students from more than 97 countries. The SAE aims to facilitate the sharing of information and exchange of ideas in order to advance the engineering of mobility systems. The interest and activities of the SAE cover all forms of self-propelled vehicles including automobiles, trucks and buses, off-highway equipment, aircraft, aerospace vehicles, marine, rail, and transit systems. The site provides access to a range of information including: membership details, forthcoming events, conferences and expositions, committee structure, standards development, continuing education, career resources and online job listing, and discussion forums. SAE publications are described and there is a database of SAE technical papers, which is searchable by keyword and paper number.

Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)

This NASA's website provides information regarding the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission and objecives, multimedia, spacecrafts and instrumentation. Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) provides a unique and revolutionary view of the Sun-Earth system. The satellites will trace the flow of energy and matter from the Sun to Earth as well as reveal the 3-D structure of coronal mass ejections and help us understand why they happen. STEREO will also provide alerts for Earth-directed solar ejections, from its unique side-viewing perspective adding it to the fleet of Space Weather detection satellites. STEREO has various capabilities such as the first stereo viewing of the Sun from out-of-Earth-orbit vantage points, the first imaging and tracking of space weather disturbances from the Sun to the Earth, the first continuous determination of interplanetary shock positions by radio triangulation, and the first simultaneous imaging of solar activity with in-situ measurement of energetic particles at 1 AU.

Space Acquisitions: DOD Needs a Departmentwide Strategy for Pursuing Low-Cost, Responsive Tactical Space Capabilities

This technical report (GAO-06-449) was published by the Untied States General Accounting Office in March 2006. For more than two decades, the Department of Defense (DOD) has invested heavily in space assets to provide the warfighter with mission-critical information. Despite these investments, DOD commanders have reported shortfalls in space capabilities. To provide tactical capabilities to the warfighter sooner, DOD recently began developing TacSats--a series of small satellites intended to be built within a limited time frame and budget--and pursuing options for small, low-cost vehicles for launching small satellites. GAO was asked to (1) examine the outcomes to date of DOD's TacSat and small, low-cost launch vehicle efforts, (2) identify the challenges in pursuing these efforts, and (3) determine whether experiences with these efforts could inform DOD's major space system acquisitions. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available in PDF format so Adobe Acrobat will be required in order to read it.

Space Acquisitions: Improvements Needed in Space Systems Acquisitions and Keys to Achieving Them

This provides access to a US Government Accountability Office Report (GAO-06-626T) dated June 2006. DOD's space system acquisitions have experienced problems over the past several decades that have driven up costs by hundreds of millions, even billions of dollars, stretched schedules by years, and increased performance risks. GAO was asked to testify on its findings on space acquisition problems and steps needed to improve outcomes. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available in PDF format so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Space Primer

This is produced by the Aerospace Corporation, a private, not-for-profit company which provides research, development and advisory services. The Space Primer is available in either HTML or PDF format and takes the form of a very basic online tutorial which covers rockets, propellants, thrust, energy and careers in aerospace, amongst other topics. It is aimed at students and teachers.

Space Studies Board

The Space Studies Board (SSB) is a program office within the Commission of Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications of the National Research Council, which is in turn the operational arm of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The SSB operates a number of standing committees, task groups, and workshops that perform studies in space science and policy for the federal government. Information resources available from the site include the latest operating plan, links to the various standing committees, details of ongoing and recently completed projects, a bibliography of reports (some of these are in full-text) and access to the Space Studies Bulletin (quarterly newsletter).

Space systems design and development testing

This is Research and Technology Organization (RTO) AGARD Conference Proceedings report, AGARD-CP-561 , dated March 1995. In view of the importance of space capability to the fulfillment of future NATO requirements, the Flight Vehicle Integration Panel of AGARD has placed increased emphasis on space technology. The goal of the symposium reported in this document was to permit information exchange and discussion on the test aspects of space systems design and development with the emphasis on systems related to anticipated future capabilities and the importance of adequate testing, and continued with six sessions comprising 28 technical papers in all. These sessions focused on: Testing Requirements and Practices; Flight Dynamics and Flexible/Deployable Structures; Systems Development and Evaluation; Simulation; Space Flight Experiments; and Test Facilities and Support. For individual titles, see N96-13892 through N96-13919. A table of contents, and the full text (102.85 MB)of the document can be accessed online in PDF format. The document is contained in the RTO's Full Text Publication Library.

Space Technology 6

Space Technology 6 (ST6) has developed two advanced experimental technologies for use on spacecraft of the future. These technologies are the Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment and the Inertial Stellar Compass. These will improve a spacecraft's ability to make intelligent decisions on what information to gather and what to send back to the ground, and to determine its own attitude and adjust its pointing without human intervention. This mission is a NASA project based at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The site provides an introduction to the mission, information about the technology behind it, benefits, quick facts and educational resources.

Spacecast 2020 Home Page

In May 1993, the chief of staff of the United States Air Force directed Air University to undertake a study to identify capabilities for the period of 2020 and beyond, and the technologies to enable them which will best support preserving the security of the United States. The site brings together a range of information resources relating to this 10 month study. The full-text of the four volume final report are available in HTML format. In addition there are a number of supporting documents including the executive summary, the Spacecast 2020 Process, Alternative Fututres and Operational Analysis. These documents are avilable in Microsoft Word 6.0 and Adobe Acrobat 2.1 versions. Please note this version of th esite is hosted by the Federation of American Scientists (FAS)

Spacecraft Charging at Geosynchronous Altitudes: Current-Balance and Critical Temperature in a Non-Maxwellian Plasma

This is the full text of a thesis by Jose T. Harris which was presented to the Air force Institute of Technology (AFIT) in 2003. Spacecraft charging threatens to disable spacecraft components and adversely impact any satellite function. Electrostatic charge, and especially discharge, can hinder the proper operation of, or destroy, spacecraft components, thereby rendering the spacecraft ineffective or inoperative (Prokopenko and Laframboise, 1980:4125). The level of charging is dependent on the particle energy (speed) distribution. Current spacecraft design and materials provide limited protection against the dangers of electrostatic discharge, and active measures such as beam emission are also employed. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the kappa distribution as an alternative to the Maxwellian distribution as a method of predicting the onset of significant spacecraft charging by extending the research of Lai and Della-Rose (2001). Their work demonstrated the existence of critical (electron) temperatures above which the onset of significant spacecraft charging occurs. Below this critical temperature, significant charging does not occur (Lai and Della-Rose, 2001:927). Space plasmas are known to exhibit non-Maxwellian distributions at high (> 10 keV ) energies (Vasyliunas, 1968:2840), and this knowledge provides the motivation for extending the work of Lai and Della-Rose to the kappa distribution. Solving the current balance equation is central to this area of research. Data from Los Alamos National Laboratory scientific instruments onboard geosynchronous satellites were analyzed to determine the efficacy of the kappa approach. However, the results of this thesis suggest that the kappa distribution, though superior to the Maxwellian at modeling high-energy particles (electrons), may be no better at determining charging onset. [Taken from abstract]. The full text of the thesis is available in PDF format and is provided by the Air University ResearchWeb site.

Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines for Selected Contaminants : Volume 1

This is a full text book made vailable by National Academies Press written by Subcommittee on Spacecraft Exposure Guidelines, Committee on Toxicology, National Research Council dated 2004. To protect space crews from contaminants in potable and hygiene water, NASA requested that the National Research Council (NRC) provide guidance on how to develop water exposure guidelines and subsequently review NASA s development of exposure guidelines for specific chemicals. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available to read online in open book format.

Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines for Selected Contaminants : Volume 2

This is a full text book made available by National Academies Press written by Committee on Spacecraft Exposure Guidelines, Committee on Toxicology, National Research Council and dated 2007. Construction of the International Space Station (ISS)—a multinational effort—began in 1999. In its present configuration, the ISS is expected to carry a crew of three to six astronauts for up to 180 days (d). Because the space station will be a closed and complex environment, some contamination of its internal atmosphere and water system is unavoidable. Several hundred chemical contaminants are likely to be found in the closed-loop atmosphere and recycled water of the space station. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available to read online in open book format.

Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines for Selected Contaminants : Volume 3

This is a full text book made available by National Academies Press written by Committee on Spacecraft Exposure Guidelines, Committee on Toxicology, National Research Council and dated 2008. NASA maintains an active interest in the environmental conditions associated with living and working in spacecraft and identifying hazards that might adversely affect the health and well-being of crew members. Despite major engineering advances in controlling the spacecraft environment, some water and air contamination is inevitable. Several hundred chemical species are likely to be found in the closed environment of the spacecraft, and as the frequency, complexity, and duration of human space flight increase, identifying and understanding significant health hazards will become more complicated and more critical for the success of the missions. To protect space crews from contaminants in potable and hygiene water, NASA requested that the National Research Council NRC provide guidance on how to develop water exposure guidelines and subsequently review NASA's development of the exposure guidelines for specific chemicals. This book presents spacecraft water exposure guidelines (SWEGs) for antimony, benzene, ethylene glycol, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone, and propylene glycol. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available to read online in open book format.

SpaceShipOne : Tier One Private Manned Space Program

Tier One project, by Scaled Composites, is the world's first privately funded manned space program and this site provides information on SpaceShipOne and its carrier aircraft White Knight. Information on the site covers the latest news, test logs (with details from every flight, press releases, photographs and FAQs.

Spin Reduction of Space Vehicles Using Gas Jets

This paper was given at the 5th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by Wilson C.C da Silva and Luiz C. G. de Souza. The conference took place in July 2002 at King's College, Cambridge. This paper presents a new procedure to perform the spin reduction of a space vehicle, using an attitude control system composed of four thrusters strategically placed across the vehicle longitudinal axis, which can not coincide with its mass center. In order to check the control system performance, one simulates the spin reduction of a Sub-Orbital Platform in one axis and in three axes, considering the perturbation torques due to thruster misalignment. The result has shown that when the reduction is performed in one axis the perturbations remain. As a result, the reduction in three axes performed simultaneously is recommended. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Structural design applications of mathematical programming techniques

This is Research and Technology Organization (RTO) AGARD-AG-149, dated February 1971. The Structures and Materials Panel of the Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD) comprises scientists , engineers and technical administrators from government, universities and industry, who are concerned with the advancement of aerospace research and development and with the provision of data necessary for the design and fabrication of the vehicles and equipment which NATO requires. The panel provides a mechanism for discussion, the exchange of information and for conducting co-operative theoretical and experimental studies in selected areas. This volume describes the present state of development of the use of mathematical programming techniques in the optimum design of aerospace and similar structures. Although optimization with respect to cost is considered when possible, the main emphasis is on the minimization of weight, due to the overwhelming importance of this parameter in aerospace applications, and also due to the fact that it is one of the few merit functions that can be defined with reasonable precision. The use of mathematical modelling techniques in the selection of materials is also discussed to the limited extent meaningful at the present time. This report is divided into four main sections. Bibliographic and abstract details are available in HTML format. A table of contents and the full text (16.19MB) of the document can be accessed online in PDF format. The document is contained in the RTO's Full Text Publication Library.

Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS)

Students for the Exploration and Development of Space is an independent, student-based organization which promotes the exploration and development of space. It was founded in 1980 at MIT and Princeton and consists of an international group of high school, undergraduate, and graduate students from a diverse range of educational backgrounds who are working to promote space as a whole. SEDS is a chapter-based organization with chapters throughout the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. The SEDS site provides access to a large number of electronic discussion forums covering a wide variety of topics including space literature, commercialisation, space law and policies, fund raising and alumni. Details of regional SEDS Chapters are available.

Swales Aerospace

Swales Aerospace, based in Beltsville, Maryland provides aerospace engineering services including solutions for small satellite missions, flight hardware, and a range of engineering services relevant to the study, design, development, fabrication, integration, testing, verification, and operations of spaceflight and ground system hardware and software, along with concept definition and feasibility studies and life cycle analysis. The Website contains a corporate overview, engineering competencies, contract and programme information as well as news, supplier and product literature.

Swedish Space Corporation (SSC)

SSC is a government-owned commercial company with activities covering the entire range of space-related work from feasibility studies to operational applications of space technology. SSC's principal activity areas include: small/mini/micro satellites; sounding rockets (payload systems, sub-systems, and entire vehicles); ground support and ground station services; launching of sounding rockets and stratospheric balloons; and, telecom services. The web site provides access to a range of information resources including: SSC facts, company structure, contacts, and success stories; annual report, news releases, and space events diary. The site describes and provides access to information on SSC divisions and services as follows: Space Operations - Esrange; Space Systems; Airborne Systems, and Satellite Operations.

TacSats for NATO

This is Research and Technology Organization (RTO) AGARD-AR-322, dated February 1994. Tactical satellites (TacSats) are studied to determine their utility in meeting the needs of theater commanders. Six mission areas are studied: battlefield surveillance, communications, tactical missile warning and assessment, regional maritime surveillance, navigation, and weather. The synergistic role between strategic and tactical satellites is also considered. TacSat system concepts are provided in most mission areas as are means of implementing TacSat systems, including the launch and ground system segments. Issues raised in these areas are discussed. Finally, TacSat costs are discussed and the Working Group's conclusions and recommendations are provided. Bibliographic and abstract details are available in HTML format. A table of contents, and the full text (13.26MB) of the document can be accessed online in PDF format. The document is contained in the RTO's Full Text Publication Library.

Tadiran Com LTD

Tadiran Com. Ltd. is recognized worldwide for its advanced, field proven communication solutions for the modern battlefield.

Taking into account Flexibility in Attitude Control

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by Dario Izzo, Lorenzo Pettazzi and Riccardo Bevilacqua. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. Large structures in space do deform in a non negligible manner. The effect that deformations have on the dynamic of a spacecraft might be captured by complex non linear mathematical models. In a recent work the authors developed a non coupled set of ordinary differential equations describing the full non linear dynamic of a flexible spacecraft equipped with a system of next generation fly-wheels. These equations are here exploited to test the robustness of a ?Velocity Based? steering law to flexible dynamic. As the ?Velocity Based? steering law for a VSCMG device is designed under the hypothesis of rigid dynamic, ?spill-over? effects are visible. Even though vibrations are suppressed quite rapidly, the ?spill-over? introduces a tracking error that has to be accounted for. As a result, a minimum attitude acquisition time is found for a selected satellite configuration, faster manoeuvres are not possible as flexible modes would be excited in such a way as to make the spacecraft lose the required pointing accuracy. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Tethers in Space Handbook

This provides access to the third edition of the handbook, edited by M.L. Cosmo and E.C. Lorenzini, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, for NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, December 1997. This version of the text is available for downloading in PDF format, and is hosted by Tethers Unlimited, Inc (TUI).

Tethers Unlimited, Inc (TUI)

TUI is a research and development company specializing in advanced space technologies and scientific computing solutions. The web site describes the company's range of interests which includes amongst others space tether technologies, space robotics, orbital dynamics, satellite formations, satellite deorbit systems, and microsatellite propulsion. The site contains a section on space tethers. Other sections include news, staff publications, and employment opportunities.

The Cosmos on a Shoestring : Small Spacecraft for Space and Earth Science

This provides access to a RAND study for the Office of Science and Technology (OSTP). The report was prepared by Liam Sarsfield, MR-864-OSTP, dated 1998. It presents a review of the factors which have led to the growth in small spacecraft programmes and the effects of the associated cost reduction approaches. It examines spacecraft development trends in order to highlight areas in which new strategies have proven effective in reducing cost and increasing performance. The text is available in PDF format.

The Lower Tiers of the Space Transportation Industrial Base

This web site provides access to a background paper produced by the U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA-BP-ISS-161, August 1995. It presents an examination of the lower tiers of the U.S. space transportation industry. The paper forms part of an OTA assessment of U.S. space transportation technology and the industrial base. The report is made available as part of the OTA Online Archive, hosted by Princeton University. The full text is accessible online in PDF format (171K). Alternatively, the front matter, table of contents and individual chapters are available as separate PDF files

The National Space Transportation Policy : Issues for Congress

This web site provides access to a report produced by the U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA-ISS-620, May 1995. This was the first of two reports produced as part of a broad OTA assessment of the U.S. space transportation technology and industrial base. It presents an examination of the U.S. Government's National Space Transportation Policy, in light of implementation plans prepared by NASA, DOD and the Transportation and Commerce Departments. The report is made available as part of the OTA Online Archive, hosted by Princeton University. The full text is accessible online in PDF format (2007K). Alternatively, the front matter, table of contents and individual chapters are available as separate PDF files

The Space Shuttle and its Replacement

This is an article which is part of the Hot Topics Series from Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (CSA). It provides an overview of the history of the Space Shuttle and discusses options for the future after the Challenger and Columbia tragedies. There is a list of key citations from the article, a collection of related Web-sites, a glossary of terms used and further details of the original source.

Thermal Modelling Issues Concerning the Mechanically Pumped Two-Phase CO CO2 Cooling for the AMS-2 Tracker

This technical publication (NLR-TP-2002-272) was published by NLR (the National Aerospace Laboratory of the Netherlands) in 2002 and was written by A.A. Woering, A. Pauw, A.W.G. de Vries, A.A.M. Delil and B. Verlaat. This paper discusses the thermal modeling activities as a design and development tool for the Tracker Thermal Control System, the mechanically pumped, carbon dioxide thermal management system for the AMS-2 Silicon Tracker. Main modeling topics are: radiator sizing and condenser development, set-point control and pre-heating issues with respect to the spatial and temporal temperature gradient requirements of the Tracker. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Tip Position Control of Flexible Manipulators through Visual Servoing

This paper was given at the 6th Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space (DCSSS) conference by L. Bascetta and P. Rocco. The conference took place in July 2004 at Riomaggiore, Italy. Visual servoing of eye-in-hand flexible manipulators is considered in this paper. Dynamic effects of both the rigid and the flexible motion of the manipulator are fully taken into account in a control solution where the two-timescale nature of the problem is exploited. The visual information is used in the ?slow? subsystem for a task space oriented control law. Some simulation results finally show the effectiveness of the proposed controller. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

Tutorial on Quantification of Differences Between Single - and Two-Component Two-Phase Flow and Heat Transfer

This technical report (NLR-TP-2003-037) was published by NLR (the National Aerospace Laboratory of the Netherlands) in 2003 and was written by A. A. M. Delil. Single-component two-phase systems are envisaged for aerospace thermal control applications: Mechanically Pumped Loops, Vapour Pressure Driven Loops, Capillary Pumped Loops and Loop Heat Pipes. Thermal control applications are foreseen in different gravity environments: Micro-g, reduced-g for Mars or Moon bases, 1-g during terrestrial testing, and hyper-g in rotating spacecraft, during combat aircraft manoeuvres and in systems for outer planets. In the evaporator, adiabatic line and condenser sections of such single-component two-phase systems, the fluid is a mixture of the working liquid (for example ammonia, carbon dioxide, ethanol, or other refrigerants, etc.) and its saturated vapour. Results of two-phase two-component flow and heat transfer research (pertaining to liquid-gas mixtures, e.g. water/air, or argon or helium) are often applied to support research on flow and heat transfer in two-phase single-component systems. The first part of the tutorial updates the contents of two earlier tutorials, discussing various aerospace-related two-phase flow and heat transfer research. It deals with the different pressure gradient constituents of the total pressure gradient, with flow regime mapping (including evaporating and condensing flow trajectories in the flow pattern maps), with adiabatic flow and flashing, and with thermal-gravitational scaling issues. The remaining part of the tutorial qualitatively and quantitatively determines the differences between single- and two-component systems: Two systems that physically look similar and close, but in essence are fully anything but negligible, in many cases. These differences (quantified by some examples) illustrates how careful one shall be in interpreting data resulting from two-phase two-component simulations or experiments, for the development of single- different. It was already elucidated earlier that, though there is a certain degree of commonality, the differences will be component two-phase thermal control systems for various gravity environments. [Taken from abstracct]. The full text is available as a PDF file.

UK Space Strategy : 2003-2006 and Beyond

Produced by the British National Space Centre (BNSC) in 2003 this document sets out the UK Government's 3 year space strategy. There are 3 key objectives: to enhance the UK's standing in astronomy, planetary and environmental sciences, to stimulate increased productivity through promoting the use of space in government, science and commerce, and to develop innovative space technologies and systems to deliver sustainable improvement in quality of life. It focusses on the next three years, but also sets out the long-term perspective to 2015. It is available in PDF format.

Upgrading the Space Shuttle - report of the Committee on Shuttle Upgrades

This web site provides access to a report produced by the National Research Council's Committee on Space Shuttle Upgrades, National Academy Press, 1999. The report presents the results of the Committee's review of NASA's plans for further upgrades to the space shuttle system. The Committee was asked to assess NASA's method for evaluating and selecting upgrades and to conduct a top-level technical assessment of proposed upgrades. The Report is now online and is shown in both HTML and Book Object format and is best viewed by a browser capable of viewing tables.

Vibroacoustic Behavior and Noise Control Studies of Advanced Composite Structures

This is a University of Pittsburgh, School of Engineering PhD dissertation, by Deyu Li, defended July 16, 2003. The research presented in this thesis is devoted to the problems of sound transmission and noise transmission control for advanced composite payload fairings. There are two advanced composite fairings under study. The first is a tapered, cylindrical advanced grid-stiffened composite fairing, and the second is a cylindrical ChamberCore composite fairing. A fully coupled mathematical model for characterizing noise transmission into a finite elastic cylindrical structure with application to the ChamberCore fairing is developed. Structural-acoustic dynamic parameters of the two fairings are obtained using a combination of numerical, analytical, and experimental approaches. An in-situ method for experimentally characterizing sound transmission into the fairings called noise reduction spectrum (NRS) is developed based on noise reduction. The regions of interest in the NRS curves are identified and verified during a passive control investigation, where various fill materials are added into wall-chambers of the ChamberCore fairing. Both Helmholtz resonators (HRs) and long T-shaped acoustic resonators (ARs) are also used to successfully control noise transmission into the ChamberCore fairing. In the process, an accurate model for the resonant frequency calculation and design of cylindrical HRs is derived. Further, a novel and more general model for the design of multi-modal, long, T-shaped ARs is developed, including three new end-correction equations that are validated experimentally. Bibliographic and abstract details are available in HTML format. The full text of the document is accessible online in PDF format [2.26 Mb]. This title is part of the University of Pittsburgh's Electronic Thesis and Dissertation (ETD) Collection.

What's the Price of Low Cost?

This paper was presented at the 10th Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites in September 1998 at Logan, UT by staff at Microcosm Inc. It examines ten case studies of space missions from the perspective of possible cost reduction strategies. Consideration is given to all mission segments including spacecraft, payload, ground systems. and mission operations. This is a PDF file [63k] so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it.

World Spaceflight News (WSN)

This is a US based independent space news site, that is heavily focused on the Shuttle and the US space programme. Its features include space shuttle mission reports, evaluations of mission outcomes, a current astronaut database, safety issues, and a directory of over 1000 space related web sites. Catalogue of WSN American Space Encyclopedia and WSN special reports in printed book format can be ordered from the website. Last Updated: October, 2000.

X-33 History Home Page

The X-33 is a half-scale prototype of a Single-Stage-to-Orbit (SSTO) Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV). The goal of NASA's X-33 program is to demonstrate certain technologies and to reduce business and technical risks so that, by the end of the decade, private industry can build, operate, and maintain a fleet of commercial RLVs. The Lockheed Martin Skunk Works' X-33 design uses a lifting body shape coupled with an aerospike rocket engine to propel it to speeds in excess of Mach 15. The web site provides access to a variety of information resources. These include a project description; fact sheets; and a time line of key X-33 events. There are links to web site of related interest including: X-34; DC-X and DC-XA (Data Clipper); and future X Pages. The web site also contains: "The X-33 on the Internet: An Annotated Arachniography", a guide to X-33 sites and pages found by using several search engines. Owing to the termination of the program, the site was last updated in April 2001.

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