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Environment effects Air Transport Action Group (ATAG) Home Page The Air Transport Action Group (ATAG) exists to lobby for improvements to aviation infrastructure in an environmentally responsible manner. The site provides access to several full text reports including 'Aviation and the environment' 'The economic benefits of air transport', air traffic forecasts for Europe, the United States and Asia and the Pacific in HTML format. The site also gives information about the activities of the Group. Air Transport Action Group : Aviation and the Environment This publication is produced by the Air Transport Action Group (ATAG), an independent body of organisations from the air transport industry. ATAG pushes for environmentally responsible capacity improvements. The issues of aircraft noise, fuel consumption and energy efficiency, emissions, infrastructure, capacity and congestion are discussed. Air Transport and Environmental Economics : Stakes, Current Situation, and Possible Options This report (EEC/SEE/2003/006) was published by the Eurocontrol Experimental Centre (EEC), whose mission is to carry out research and development in order to improve air traffic management (ATM) in Europe. The aim of this note is to review the recent institutional studies on environmental economics, in order to provide a synthetic vision of the issues and the ways to address them in the air transportation sector. It builds on a previous study carried out in 2002 on behalf of the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre by the Institute of Transportation Studies (Leeds University). Air Transport and the Environment : Towards meeting the Challenges of Sustainable Development This web site provides access to a Commission of the European Communities document: Communication from the Commission to the Council, The European Parliament, The Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of the Regions: Air Transport and the Environment - Towards meeting the Challenges of Sustainable Development, COM (1999) 640 final. The document analyses and indentifies ways for coherent and integrated policy action for the European Union in the air transport field. It suggests the introduction of economic and regulatory incentives reinforcing the competitive edge of operators and users which choose to use state-of-the art technologies and environmentally friendly operations. Air Transport and the Environment This report examines and clarifies the impact of air transport on the environment and highlight efforts to minimize environmental damage. The contents of the document cover the following: aircraft noise; fuel consumption and energy efficiency; aircraft emissions and global warming; infrastructure and landuse; capacity and congestion; and, airports and the environment. The report was carried out by The International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the Air Transport Action Group (ATAG), through the Environmental Task Force and the Infrastructure Action Group. The full text of the document is available in PDF format. Air Travel Greener by Design : The Technology Challenge Published in August 2001, the report prepared by the Air Travel Greener by Design Steering Group, Technology Sub-Group, describes the environmental challenge faced by the UK's aviation industry. The report makes a number of recommendations for reducing the impact of aviation on the environment. Air Travel: Greener By Design is a collaborative initiative involving the Society of British Aerospace Companies (SBAC), The Royal Aeronautical Society, The British Air Transport Association (BATA), and the Airport Operators Association (AOA). The text of the report is available in PDF format and can be downloaded from the Foresight Programme web site, where it is one of a number of reports contained in 1999 - 2002 round of Foresight Publications produced by the Defence, Aerospace, and Systems Panel.
no title available no description supplied Aircraft Disinsection: A Guide for Military & Civilian Air Carriers This is Research and Technology Organization (RTO) AGARDograph, RTO-AG-340, dated April, 1996. It is authored by R.A. Ellis and sponsored by the Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development. It explains; Aircraft disinsection is an important tool in preventing the introduction of unwanted pests into a country when an aircraft is returning to its home base. To prevent risks to air crew health, aircraft safety, and industry, Canada's Department of National Defence (DND) has reviewed the importance of aircraft disinsection and the potential problems associated with execution. Over the past two decades, various directives for air crew maintenance personnel, and preventive medicine technicians have been developed and updated periodically. This aircraft disinsection review is part of the latest effort to revise DND's administrative orders on aircraft disinsection. Existing Canadian and foreign legislation, regulations, and recommendations dealing with aircraft disinsection were reviewed. This review also summarises the information that was gathered from various officials involved in the regulation of introduced pests, pesticide registration, and safe pesticide use. Aircraft disinsection technology has evolved over the years since its inception. Practical, up-to-date information on current technologies was gathered, through numerous meetings and correspondence, from researchers, private companies involved in aircraft disinsection, air force personnel, and representatives of civilian air carriers who are active worldwide. The end-result was the development of a current, standard operating procedure for disinsection of Canadian Air Force aircraft in the form of an Air Command Administrative Order. It may serve as a model for the Air Forces and air carriers of other NATO countries. Bibliographic details and an abstract are available in HTML format. The full text can be accessed online in PDF format (5.3 Mb) from the RTO's web site. Aircraft Noise and Sleep Disturbance This site from the UK's Department for Transport brings together resources about the effect of aircraft noise on sleep. The site provides a Summary of Government Sponsored Research, the executive summary from the Report of a Field Study of Aircraft Noise and Sleep disturbance (1992) and the executive study from a report published in 2001 entitled Adverse Effects of Night-Time Aircraft Noise. Aircraft Optimization for Minimal Environmental Impact This document is a dissertation submitted to the department of aeronautics and astronautics and the committee on graduate studies of Stanford University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in 2004 by Nicolas Eugene Antoine. This research explores the feasibility of integrating noise and emissions as optimization objectives at the aircraft conceptual design stage, thereby allowing a quantitative analysis of the trade-offs between environmental performance and operating cost. Beyond meeting regulations and establishing environmental performance trades, the design tool allows the generation of extremely low-noise and low-emissions designs that could, in the future, dramatically decrease the environmental impact of commercial aviation, albeit at the expense of increased operating cost. To these ends, a preliminary design tool was developed that uses a multi-objective genetic algorithm to determine optimal aircraft configurations and to estimate the sensitivities between the conflicting objectives of low noise, low emissions, and operating costs. The design tool incorporates ANOPP, a detailed noise prediction code developed at NASA Langley, and NASA Glenn’s NEPP engine simulator, as well as aircraft design, analysis, and optimization modules developed at Stanford University. Airfields Environment Trust (AET) Founded in 1978, the AET is a UK charitable trust which aims to advance knowledge and understanding of aviation's environmental and amenity impacts, through research and education. The site has some backgound information on the Trust and its funding sources, and describes its education and research activities. The site also provides access to the Trust's Aviation and Environment Databank. This contains information which has been compiled, contributed and reviewed be experts in the field. The information is arranged under a number of heading including, UK Policy, Planning, Demand for Air Travel, Economics and External Costs, Sustainable Development, Airport Waste Issues, and General Reports and Publications. Airline Emissions of Carbon Dioxide : The Opportunity for Voluntary Agreement This provides access to the text of a proposal to government on the opportunity for voluntary agreements as a way forward on the control of global warming gases. It reviews some of the options for limiting emissions from aircraft engine exhausts. Its main purpose is, however, to investigate the possibility of a Government-airline partnership and to this end, the issues are reviewed along with a summary of the possible approaches that have been identified to date. The text of the document is available in PDF format from the web site of the British Air Transport Association (BATA). Airline Environmental Reporting : 2001 Survey This gives access to an International Air Tranport Association (IATA) report dated 2001. The results of this survey show different approaches to airline environmental reporting, providing ideas and encouragement for communicating environmental messages. Key Benefits Summarises the reasons for reporting on environmental performance, the content of such reports and the trends in airline environmental reporting. Provides useful information for any airline wishing to produce an environmental report. Highlights airline environmental good practice. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available in PDF format so Adobe Acrobat software is required in order to read it. AirportWatch This is a pressure group which is opposed to the airport and runway expansion plans outlined in the UK Government's White Paper, The Future of Air Transport, published on 16 December 2003. The site describes the group's aim, contains news stories, press releases, and a series of briefing sheets. There are links to related resources including the Department For Transport's consultation documents and background technical reports, as well as Flying Into Trouble, a report by some of the UK's leading environmental organisations. American Academy of Environmental Engineers This site provides environmental engineering information and resources. The Academy aims to improve the standard of environmental engineering, and information is given about environmental engineering experts. There are also details of events, technology, membership and careers, plus a link to the Environmental Engineering Bookstore. Online publications are also available. Approaches to the Implementation of Environment Pollution Prevention Technologies at Military Bases This site provides access to a Research and Technology Organization Meeting Proceedings, RTO-MP-039, Paris, April 2000. The document contains papers presented at the Symposium of the RTO Studies, Analysis and Simulation Panel (SAS) held in Budapest, Hungary, 5-7 May 1999. The Symposium analysed the Military operations within the framework of Environmental Security that are largely dependent on conformance with national and international laws or agreements to protect the air, water and ground resources. Pollution must be controlled, modified, or eliminated at the source. Society is paying a very high price today to restore and reclaim resources that have been subjected to wanton pollution for many years by both military and civilian users. Many NATO and Partnership for Peace operations and training exercises are now being constrained by national and international environmental laws. Military forces, air, land and sea, must be enabled to operate and train under a wide variety of conditions. Serious consideration must be given to compliance with the body of environmental law either in existence or now being written. Pollution Prevention activities will ensure the ability to continue operations without undue penalty or restriction. Bibliographic and abstract details are available in HTML format. A table of contents, and the full text (77Mbytes) of the document can be accessed online in PDF format. The document is contained in the RTO's Full Text Publication Library. Assessing the Human Health Risks of Trichloroethylene This is a full text book made available by National Academies Press and published 2006. Trichloroethylene is a solvent used widely as a degreasing agent. It is a common environmental contaminant at Superfund sites and at many industry and government facilities, including certain manufacturing operations (e.g., aircraft, spacecraft). Releases to air occur primarily from degreasing operations. Trichloroethylene is also found in soils and surface water as a result of direct discharges and in groundwater due to leaching from disposal operations. Indoor air can become contaminated because of volatilization from contaminated water supplies and use of certain consumer products. Vapor intrusion through walls and floors can be a source of indoor exposure in buildings near contaminated groundwater. To help protect the public from potential health effects caused by exposure to trichloroethylene, government agencies conduct risk assessments to develop exposure guidelines intended to restrict human contact with the chemical. This requires consideration of a great deal of scientific information on trichloroethylene. There has been much debate about the quality of some sources of information and how to assess the collective evidence. Because several government agencies share responsibility for cleaning contaminated sites, an interagency group composed of the U.S. Department of Defense, Department of Energy, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration requested that the National Research Council (NRC) provide independent guidance on scientific issues related to trichloroethylene. In response to this request, the NRC convened the Committee on Human Health Risks of Trichloroethylene, which prepared this report. [Taken from report]. The full text of the report can be read in open book format from the website of the National Academies Press. Atmospheric Propagation Effects Through Natural and Man-Made Obscurants for Visible to MM-Wave Radiation This is Research and Technology Organization (RTO) AGARD-CP-542, dated November 1993. This publication reports the papers presented to a specialists’ meeting held by the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Panel at its Spring 1993 meeting. The topics covered on the occasion of that Symposium include: Natural obscurants: -The effects of natural obscurants (haze, clouds, fog, rain, snow and dust) on system performance. Man-made obscurants and battlefield-induced phenomena: -The effects of man-made smokes, battlefield-induced smokes and enhanced scintillation on system performance. Target and background signatures: -Atmospheric effects on target and background signatures, and target to background contrast. Multispectral camouflage: -Weather-related propagation effects on camouflage and obscurants effectiveness and contrast reduction. -Theoretical and/or experimental evaluation of camouflage effectiveness. System mitigation aspects: -Methods to mitigate the above-mentioned factors e.g. image processing, sensor fusion, tactical weather intelligence, and tactical decision aids. Bibliographic and abstract details are available in HTML format. A table of contents, and the full text (313KB) of the document can be accessed online in PDF format. The document is contained in the RTO's Full Text Publication Library. Attitudes Towards and Values of Aircraft Annoyance and Noise Nuisance : Attitudes To Aircraft Annoyance Around Airports (5A) Survey Report This report (EEC/SEE/2003/002) was published by the Eurocontrol Experimental Centre (EEC), whose mission is to carry out research and development in order to improve air traffic management (ATM) in Europe. This report details an exploratory study applying attitudinal and stated preference techniques to the issue of aircraft noise and annoyance valuation around airports in three European countries. Three different types of stated preference experiment were designed to enable methodological issues to be tested and a range of values to be estimated: SP1: embeds aircraft noise nuisance within a broader quality of life context. SP2: offers changes in aircraft movements by aircraft type within specific time periods. SP3: offers changes in generic aircraft movements by time of day. Our conclusion is that the preferred way forward is to use the quality of life form of SP to establish the absolute valuations and then to use SP approaches which focus on aircraft annoyance to obtain valuations according to factors such as time of day and aircraft type. Aviation and Environment Research Database (AERD) This is a compilation of current research activities in aircraft design that will result in improved environmental performance. It was created by the society of British Aerospace Companies (SBAC), on behalf of the Greener by Design, Science and Technology sub-group. The AERD catalogues research from the UK, Europe and USA and can be used as a tool by researchers, industry, government and the public to find out about research being carried out in the area of aviation?s impact on the environment and the atmosphere. The data is presented in an MS Excel file (660 Kb) along with a separate MS Word document (41 Kb) which provides information on how to use the database. Aviation and the Environment : Airport Operations and Future Growth Present Environmental Challenges This provides access to a United States General Accounting Office (GAO) report, GAO/RCED-00-153, dated 2000. It presents the results of a GAO review of the key concerns and challenges associated with airports' current operations and future growth, including aircraft noise, water quality, and air pollutant emissions. It also examines the actions being taken by airports to balance operations and growth with these environmental concerns, as well as the actions being taken by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and other federal agencies to address these concerns. The report is available in PDF format. Aviation and the Environment : Using Economic Instruments The site provides access to the text of a UK Department for Transport (DfT) report which was prepared for use in discussions with stakeholders on the most effective economic instruments for ensuring that the aviation industry is encouraged to take account of, and where appropriate, reduce its contribution to global warming, local air and noise pollution. It provides estimates of aviation's external costs and outlines the Government's approach to using economic instruments. It also presents a range of questions concerning the effectiveness and desirability of economic instruments in this area. In addition to the report, the site also contains a summary of key points made by stakeholders at discussion workshops, and a list of the invited stakeholders. The text of the documents can be accessed in HTML, PDF and Word formats. Aviation and the Environment: Aviation's Effects on the Global Atmosphere Are Potentially Significant and Expected to Grow This provides access to a United States General Accounting Office (GAO) report, GAO/RCED-00-57, dated February 2000. It presents the results of a GAO review of what is currently known about aviation's contribution to global warming and how aviation emissions, both domestic and global, compare with emissions from other sources. It also examines the options for reducing aviation emissions. The report is available in PDF format.
no title available no description supplied Aviation Environment Federation (AEF) Booklet : Fly Now Grieve Later This is an AEF booklet by Brendon Sewill, June 2005. It deals with climate change and the use of "economic instruments", which are financial measures such as charges, taxes and subsidies which can affect the environmental impact of aviation. The booklet looks at technical, economic, social and political angles and considers the impediments to action. The site provides access to a document summary (Word document) and a link to the full text of the publication (PDF format 1.2 Mb). There is also an update for events that have happened since the booklet went to press. Aviation Environment Federation (AEF) The AEF is a UK based non-profit making association concerned with the environmental effects of aviation, ranging from aircraft noise issues associated with small airstrips or helipads, to the contribution of airline emissions to climate change. The site includes an about section which describes the AEF's objectives, work programme, educational resources, and funding arrangements. As well as general news the site also contains news items on climate change, noise and publicity and politics. The main Aviation and the Environment campaigns part of the site is themed under the following headings: climate change, noise, planning, consultative committees, demand Issues / environmental economics, air quality issues around airports, safety issues around airports and, biodiversity. From each of these sections there are links to supporting resouces and related dicuments. Details are provided of conferences either hosted by the AEF, or conferences where the AEF have given presentations. The site also contains a publications section, a number of electronic discussion forums and links to other resources, although this links section is restricted to AEF members. Aviation in a Low Carbon EU This research report was published in 2007 by the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research of the University of Manchester for Friends of the Earth. It was prepared by Kevin Anderson, Alice Bows and Anthony Footitt and updates and refines a previous report published in 2005. It also considers the potential impact of including aviation within the EU’s emission trading scheme (EU ETS), and the carbon prices required to bring about significant reductions in aviation emission growth. BAA BAA owns and operates 7 UK airports and 9 others world wide. The site gives background details about the BAA's history and mission. The 'investor relations' area provides share prices and reports and results. Press releases and media information are also available, as is an analysis of environmental and sustainability issues and a picture library. Information about each airport terminal is provided, this includes parking, eating, shopping and arriving. It is also possible to book flights and hotels. Bioremediation of Aircraft Deicing Fluids (Glycol) at Airports This final report (DOT/FAA/AR-97/81) was published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in August 1998, and was written by Donald W. Gallagher. It describes the work done to determine the effectiveness of various aerobic bioremediation techniques for reducing the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of aircraft deicing fluid runoff. Primary emphasis has been placed on laboratory and field demonstrations of bioremediation systems using various combinations of inocula (bacteria), nutrient mixes, enzyme mixes, and ultrasonic stimulation [extracted from FAA abstract]. This is a PDF file [21 pages, 139Kb] so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it. British Air Transport Association (BATA) BATA is the UK airlines trade association. Its role is to represent the interests of its member UK airlines to government, airports, and other industry regulators and suppliers. BATA's interests and activities cover: airports strategy and regulation, ATC capacity and performance standards, air transport, consumer issues, the environment, and aviation safety and security. The site provides contact information, links to member's web sites, and an aviation news feed. The site also provides information on BATA produced reports and other documents. C-MAP : Clean Air Mapping and Analysis Program Provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), this project is a geographic information system (GIS) aimed at assessing the success of US pollution emission reduction programmes. The site provides two major resources - a gallery of maps which illustrate the spatial relationships between emissions and the environment, and a download facility. This allows you to download GIS datasets to be uploaded into GIS software, or a spreadsheet. Categories covered include air, water, land, deposition and emissions. The data covers the North American continent. This website has now been archived. CAP 764: CAA Policy and Guidelines on Wind Turbines This provides access to a UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) document CAP:764 Version 3 10 May 2010. The aim of this CAP is to provide assistance to aviation stakeholders when addressing wind energy related issues, thereby ensuring greater consistency across the whole aviation industry in the consideration of the potential impact of proposed wind turbine development. [Taken from abstract]. The full text of the document is available in PDF format so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it. Centre for Aviation Transport and the Environment Manchester Metropolitan University’s Centre for Air Transport and the Environment (CATE) is a leading international research centre specialising in the environmental impacts of the aviation industry. A team of 15 staff are led by high-profile researchers who are internationally known for their aviation expertise in the following areas: Global climate change, Noise and community impacts and Local air quality. The Centre was established to address the challenges of sustainable development and the environmental capacity of the air transport system through research and knowledge transfer. CATE’s researchers work closely with regulatory bodies (including the International Civil Aviation Organisation, the European Commission, the UK Government and the US FAA); aviation sectors (including airports, airlines and manufacturers); academics, research laboratories and non-governmental organisations. The research undertaken within CATE informs policy formulation and supports technological development and improvement in operational management, helping stakeholders minimise the adverse environmental impacts of aviation. Through its research and expert influence, CATE is helping the aviation industry achieve long-term sustainable growth. Abstracts of research reports and journal articles are available as well as a list of publications of conference papers, journal articles, books and book chapters by members of CATE along with events and staff profiles and contact information. Chicago Airport System Community Noise Resource Center
Produced by the City of Chicago's Department of Aviation, this web site has been developed to inform individuals and the communities living near the O'Hare and Midway Airports of the City's ongoing efforts to ensure noise mitigation. The O'hare International and Midway Noise Mitigation Programs sections contain information on a number of initiatives including: Civil Aviation Authority : List of Aviation Legislation Publications
This page from the Civil Aviation Authority brings together a number of key regulatory documents. These include the: Civil Aviation Authority This is the home page of the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Its main responsibilities are in the areas of air safety, economic regulation and consumer protection. The site provides an overview of the CAA's activities, statistics and a selection of full text documents in PDF format. There are links to the home pages of the main groups within the CAA which provide detailed information about their own roles. There is also information about the impact of air transport on the environment, including noise and air pollution. Climate Change and the Stern Review : the implications for Treasury Policy Published 5th February 2008, HC 231, from the House of Commons Treasury Committee, this is the full text of the fourth report of session 2007-08, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence. The report welcomes the Government's proposal that Air Passenger Duty (APD) be replaced by 'Per Plane Duty', but regrets that the Government has taken so long to do so. APD does not currently differentiate between full and half-empty planes, between flights to Morocco and flights to Australia, or between clean planes and relatively dirty planes. It urges the Government to ensure that cargo flights and private planes are included in the new regime and that tax differentials be introduced to encourage investment in cleaner technologies. Commission for Integrated Transport : Transport and Climate Change This site provides access to the report and a number of supporting documents in PDF format. This report (published 2007 by the UK Commission for Integrated Transport) seeks to identify areas of transport in which carbon emissions can most cost-effectively be targeted. It evaluates and proposes practical measures for targeting those areas of transport mode and behaviour and recommends a package of solutions. It proposes five key packages of measures for the period up to 2020, one of which concerns reducing the emissions potential of the aviation sector. Concept of Airport Environmental Capacity This provides access to a EUROCONTROL commissioned report undertaken by Professor Callum Thomas, Manchester Metropolitan University,Centre for Air Transport and the Environment dated October 2002. The study reports on the concept of environmental capacity as it applies to the European air traffic system. The investigation focussed on airport, rather than en route environmental capacity issues. The study set out to: Investigate the concept of environmental capacity as it applies to the European air traffic system and in particular as it applies to individual airports and associated air traffic management areas. Investigate the key factors that influence environmental capacity and examine how they relate to each other; factors which affect them; and indices used to measure them. Develop agreed definitions, terms, a common language and a suite of key indicators for use in describing environmental capacity. Environmental issues identified as creating, or likely to create capacity constraints (in the present, short, medium and long-term future) included: Noise. The main contemporary issue in Europe, and likely to increase in significance in the short (5 years), medium (10 years), and long-term (20 years). Third party risk. A potential constraint for certain larger airports close to built-up areas in the medium to long term. Local air quality. A capacity issue at some European airports, likely to spread to others in the short, medium, and long term. Waste. A potential medium-term constraint at some airports. Water usage/pollution. An actual and potential constraint at some airports. Surrounding land use and habitat value. An actual and potential constraint at certain European airports. Greenhouse gas emissions. A potential constraint across the air transport network in the longer-term. [Taken from abstract]. The full text of the report is available in PDF format so Adobe Acrobat software is required in order to read it.
no title available no description supplied Coordinating Research Council (CRC) The Coordinating Research Council (CRC) is a non-profit organization that directs, through committee action, engineering and environmental studies on the interaction between automotive equipment and petroleum products. The web site provides access to a range of information resources. These include: summaries of recent and current (2012) project reports and studies; meeting and conference information; and requests for proposals. The CRC Aviation Index pages provide access to forthcoming and past meeting information and presentations. Council for the Protection of Rural England : Airport Expansion CPRE is a registered charity and pressure group that exists to promote the english countryside by encouraging the sustainable use of land and other natural resources. These web pages present the CPRE's views on the UK Government's plans for air transport, especially the building of new airports and the expansion of existing ones. It provides links to press releases and a number of other documents including the CPRE aviation policy and Flying to Distraction, a leaflet summarising the findings of Aviation, Noise and the Countryside. Delivering Safety in the Context of Environmental Restrictions : Aviation Expert and Research Review This is UK Civil Aviation Authority CAA Paper 2004/08, prepared by Peter Brooker of Cranfield University, on behalf of the Safety Regulation Group of the UK Civil Aviation Authority, issued July 2004. This paper poses the question: "Are there any instances where the desire to promote environmental benefits raises real problems about the safety assurance being provided operationally?" It reviews information gathered from aviation experts (pilots, safety researchers, airline operations managers, regulators etc.) together with that obtained from a literature review. The text of the document is available online in PDF format (233 kb) from the CAA's web site Delphion Patent Search Form This site allows you to search for United States patents, European patents and patent applications, Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) application data from the World Intellectual Property Office, the Patent Abstracts of Japan and INPADOC data. The service can be searched in several different ways, including patent number, US classification and Boolean keyword search. It is possible to view to the bibliographic information of granted US patents free of charge, all other services are payable. You will need to register to use this service, which is free of charge.
no title available no description supplied Effects of Aviation Noise on Awakenings from Sleep This report was produced in June 1997 by the Federal Interagency Committee on Aviation Noise (FICAN). Related to the impact of noise on people, it concentrates on the effect of aviation noise on sleep. In 1992, the Federal Interagency Committee on Noise (FICON) recommended an interim dose-response curve to predict the percentage of the exposed population expected to be awakened by noise levels. This report includes new research findings and recommends the adoption of a new method of measurement that develops the original. EMEP/CORINAIR Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook This 3rd edition, September 2003 update has been prepared by the expert panels of the UNECE/EMEP Task Force on Emission Inventories, and published by the European Environment Agency. The Guidebook is designed to provide a comprehensive guide to the state-of-the-art of atmospheric emissions inventory methodology for each of the emission-generating activities listed in the current versions of the Selected Nomenclature for Air Pollution (SNAP97). The activities covered include in Content list Group 8 Other mobile sources and machinery - Air traffic; Domestic airport traffic, International airport traffic, Domestic cruise traffic, and International cruise traffic. The bibliographic description details are in HTML format, and the Contents chapters are in PDF format. Environmental and Health Impact of Aviation : Final Study This full text study has been published by the Scientific and Technical Options Assessment (STOA) Panel of the European Parliament's Directorate General for Research. The study summarises policy options and provides background information on the environment and human health. Impacts considered include noise, emissions, resources, cosmic radiation, cabin air quality, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The study is dated March 2001 and is available in PDF format. Environmental Compatibility Library Within NASA's Three Pillars for Success, two of the aerospace-related goals were to reduce the emissions and noise levels of future aircraft. NASA's Environmental Compatibility Assessment (ECoA) Core Team has been established in order to assess the ability of current programs to achieve these goals. The site includes workshop details (including some presentations), and links to related resources such as the Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project and Geographic Distribution of Fuel/Emissions (produced in 1992 with projected values for 2015 and 2050). Environmental Impact of ATFM Delays This technical report (No.EEC-2007-020) was published by the Eurocontrol Experimental Centre in July 2007 and written by Sandrine Carlier ...[et al]. The regulation of European air traffic, as currently done by the CFMU and the regional ATFCM cells, essentially consists in delaying on the ground all flights that may encounter congestion at some stage of their trip. This preventive strategy is based on the assumption that avoiding en-route traffic overload contributes to safety and that ground delays should, in theory, be cheaper than their en-route equivalent from the airspace users' viewpoint. This study aims at performing a comparative environmental analysis of ground and en-route delays, along with assessing the corresponding costs. [Taken from abstract]. This in PDF format so Adobe Acrobat software is required in order to read it. Environmental Impact of Delay This technical report EEC/SEE/2006/006 was published by the Eurocontrol Experimental Centre in October 2006 and was written by Sandrine Carlier, James Smith and Frank Jelinek. ATFCM activities, coordinated by the CFMU, hold aircraft on ground, preventing these to encounter airborne delays during which fuel is burnt and emissions are produced. On the other hand, during hold-on-ground delays, extended use of A/C engines in idle mode or APU might impact on local air quality. This study is a first attempt to investigate the order of magnitude of the impact of the ATFCM-motivated hold-on-ground” delays in terms of environmental costs and benefits. [Taken from abstract] The full text is available in PDF format so Adobe Acrobat softwarew will be required in order to read it. Environmental Policies at Europes Airports This is a Friends of the Earth Netherland (Vereniging Milieudefensie) publication, prepared by Jeffrey Gazzard, with support from the Ministry of Environment, Netherlands, Umweltbundesamt, Germany and the Ministry of Transport, Austria. The purpose of this survey, report and commentary is to try and build an up to date picture of environmental policies at Europes airports, what the most significant problems are, what effective measures are in place to controland reduce them, to highlight deficiencies in current policies and to suggest improvements where needed. The text is available in PDF format. Environmentally Safe and Effective Processes for Paint Removal This is Research and Technology Organization (RTO) AGARD Lecture Series report, AGARD-LS-201, dated April 1995. Paint stripping and repainting of aircraft surfaces are required periodically during the operating lifetime of an aircraft. Historically, paint removal has been achieved using chemical strippers, involving materials which contain toxic components and which create hazardous working conditions. The process generates large amounts of hazardous waste from the chemicals used. Alternative methods for aircraft paint removal are now being investigated within the NATO nations with regard to their environmental safety and effective application. These processes include: Plastic Media Blasting, Wheat Starch Dry Media Blasting, Carbon Dioxide Pellet Blasting, Sodium Bicarbonate Blasting and Thermal Decomposition Methods (Laser, Flash Lamps/Carbon Dioxide). The Lecture Series will review these current state-of-the-art alternative methods with environmental effects and related health hazards, costs, process controls, and more. For individual titles, see N95-32166 through N95-32181. Bibliographic and abstract details are available in HTML format. A table of contents, and the full text (10 Kb) of the document can be accessed online in PDF format. The document is contained in the RTO's Full Text Publication Library. European Aviation Safety Agency : Enviornmental Protection Part of the mandate of EASA is to promote a high, uniform level of environmental protection for European citizens. Environmental Protection is therefore an integral part of EASA's general structure of rules and regulations which aim to mitigate the negative impacts of the civil aviation industry. On these EASA environment pages you will find: Rulemaking Environmental Activities, Certification Environmental Activities, Overview of EU Emissions Trading Scheme, Environmental Challenges, Other useful Environmental links. European Civil Aviation Conference The European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) is an intergovernmental organisation, which aims to promote the continued development of a safe, efficient and sustainable European air transport system. It seeks to achieve this aim by harmonizing civil aviation policies and practices amongst its Member States; and by promoting understanding on policy matters between its Member States and other parts of the world. The site includes an About ECAC section contains background information such as history; membership; functions and organisation; and relations with other organisations. The site also describes ECAC's work programme and activities including: integration of new member states; civil aviation security; environmental issues; economics, passenger health, and aviation safety, which constitutes a major part of the technical programme. Safety related programmes include SAFA (Safety Assessment of Foreign Aircraft), SOI (Safety Oversight Issues), JAA-EASA Transition, and The Group of Experts on Accident Investigation (ACC). A newsletter, ECAC News, press releases, details of forthcoming events are available and the site provides online access to a number of ECAC reports and other documents. ECAC also hosts the 'NLA Forum' (New Larger Aircraft) which aims to facilitate information exchange and sharing between States administrations, international organisations, airports, airlines, research organisations and the industry on all issues relating to the accommodation of NLAs at existing airports. Evaporation of Jet Fuels This is the full text of a MSc thesis by Charles Eric Hack which was presented to the Faculty of the AFIT (Air University's Air Force Institute of Technology) School of Engineering in September 1999. It is available in PDF format. Abstract: Determining the fate and transport of JP-8 jet fuel is a complex and important problem. As part of the startup procedures for jet engines, fuel is passed through aircraft engines before combustion is initiated. Because of the extremely low temperatures at northern tier Air Force bases, the unburned fuel does not evaporate readily and may come into contact with ground crew. To determine the amount and duration of contaminant contact, the evaporation of the emitted fuel must be modeled. The amount and composition of the fuel upon reaching the ground crew may be determined by droplet evaporation models that have already been developed. The evaporation of the fuel after adhering to the skin needs to be modeled. This knowledge of the fuel's fate may then be used to determine source terms for use in toxicological studies. This research involves the comparison of two existing droplet evaporation models and the calculation of the evaporation of a film of jet fuel from a surface. The existing models are compared in order to make recommendations on which model to use to predict the amount and composition of fuel reaching the ground crew. To make the surface evaporation problem amenable to modeling, simplifying assumptions are made. The fuel is assumed to be a uniformly distributed mixture of representative hydrocarbon groups. Due to the complexity of the mixture of aviation fuels, a mixture of the predominant species were chosen as representatives to approximate the physical behavior of the entire fuel mixture.The goal of this research is to determine the most appropriate model for predicting the amount and composition of jet fuel reaching the ground crew and to extend the more appropriate fuel droplet evaporation model to describe the evaporation of a film of fuel from a surface. A validation of the resultant model is then performed by comparing the calculations to experimental data.
no title available no description supplied Federal Aviation Administration : Environmental Policy and Guidance : This Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) site provides access to a range of online documents and other information resources relating to aircraft emissions and environmental impact. The publications available online include: Aircraft Contrails Fact Sheet, Aircraft Engine Emissions, Airport Noise and Compatibility Planning, Air Quality Handbook, Aviation and Emissions - A Primer, Aviation Noise Abatement Policy,Consideration of Air Quality Impacts by Airplane Operations at or Above 3000ft, Fuel Venting and Exhaust Emission Requirements for Turbine Engine Powered Airplanes, Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) Associated with Aircraft, Airports, and Aviation - Select Resource Materials and Annotated Bibliography, and the IPCC Special Report on Aviation and the Global Atmosphere - Summary for Policy Makers Federal Aviation Administration Office of Office of Airport Planning and Programming (APP) The Office serves as the principal organization of the FAA responsible for all Airports programme matters pertaining to national airport planning, environmental and social requirements, airport grants, property transfers, passenger facility charges, and ensuring adequacy of the substantive aspects of FAA rulemaking actions relating to these programmes. The site provides links to the three operating divisions of National Planning (APP-400), Financial Assistance (APP-500) and Community and Environmental Needs (APP-600). The site also links to related FAA web pages covering amongst others Airport Resouces, Airport Planning, Certification, Airport Design Engineering and Construction, as well as the Airport Compliance and Airport Envionmental Programs. Federal Interagency Committee on Aviation Noise (FICAN)
The Federal Interagency Committee on Aviation Noise (FICAN) was formed in 1993 to provide forums for debate over future research needs to better understand, predict and control the effects of aviation noise, and to encourage new technical development efforts in these areas. Flight in an Adverse Environment This is Research and Technology Organization (RTO) AGARD-LS-197, dated November 1994. The environment in which an airplane must operate is a major cause of aircraft accidents. This lecture series focuses on specific aspects of the environment, both natural and man-made, which are the major contributors to these accidents as follows: (1) wake turbulence and the generation of trailing vortex systems; (2) the results of an extensive flight test program concerning winter storms off the east coast of Canada including effect on aircraft operations; (3) electromagnetic effects including electrical discharge properties, in-flight test program, in-flight lightning models and lightning simulation techniques; (4) response of an aircraft to wind shear and methods of detection and quantifying this natural hazard; (5) heavy rain effects on aircraft systems performances in the light of full scale and model tests; (6) measurements of atmospheric turbulence, treatment of aircraft response to random turbulence and discrete gusts. For individual titles, see N95-14894 through N95-14900. Bibliographic and abstract details are available in HTML format. A table of contents, and the full text (50.10MB) of the document can be accessed online in PDF format. The document is contained in the RTO's Full Text Publication Library. Flight Path to Environmental Excellence This gives access to an International Air Transport Association (IATA) report dated 2001. This publication provides examples of airline environmental management practices, during the course of a typical flight. Key Benefits Demonstrates to policy makers, the travelling public and the media that the air transport industry is committed to continuing to improve its environmental performance. Provides airlines with some examples of environmental best practice that can be easily implemented. Describes policy and management, operational, technical and research initiatives that are being taken by the air transport industry, to improve environmental performance. [Taken from abstract]. The full text of the report is available in PDF format so Adobe Acrobat software is required in order to read it. For Greener Skies : Reducing Environmental Impacts of Aviation The site provides access to a report prepared by the Committee on Aeronautics Research and Technology for Environmental Compatibility, published by National Academy Press, 2002. The study was requested by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), NASA, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It examines whether existing research policies and programmes are likely to foster the technological improvements needed to ensure that environmental constraints do not become a significant barrier to the growth of the aviation sector. The text of the report is available in HTML and Open Book formats. Forecast of CO2 Emissions from Civil Aircraft for IPCC This is a QinetiQ report, prepared on behalf of the UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI reference number 06/2178), by Gareth Horton, published online on 1st December 2006. The report presents the results of a study to assess the growth of CO2 emissions from civil aircraft to the year 2030, subject to a set of different scenarios, in support of work for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). A key issue is the effect on these emissions of different levels of "CO2 cost", e.g a "Carbon Tax". A total of five different scenarios have been analysed, ranging from no aircraft fuel efficiency improvements to a likely technology scenario plus a $100 per tonne CO2 cost. In each of these cases, the growth in airline traffic in future years has been derived from the forecasts produced by the ICAO's Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP) and an extrapolation previously derived for long term technology goals analyses. The traffic and fuel consumption for 2002 was obtained from the AERO2k database; these two sets of data together with the different scenarios were then used to grow the CO2 emissions to 2030. The text of the report is available in PDF format (33 Kb). From Plane To Trains : Realising the Potential from Shifting Short-Haul Flights to Rail This provides access to the report of a study prepared by the Aviation Environment Federation (AEF) for Friends of the Earth, October 2000. It examines the potential for shifting short haul flights, both domestic and to destinations within Europe, onto rail and the environmental benefits this would bring. The text of the report is available in PDF format from the Friends of the Earth web site. General Aviation Awareness Council The UK General Aviation (GA) associations, supported by commercial and professional bodies, have established the General Aviation Awareness Council (GAAC) to try to ensure that GA activity in the UK does not decline, while elsewhere, particularly in Europe, its expansion - whether in business flying, pilot training, sport, recreation or other forms - is publicly and privately encouraged. The objectives of the Council are: to EXPLAIN the nature of the GA Industry; to PROMOTE its purpose and value; to PROTECT its facilities (e.g. aerodromes) and to ENSURE its future. This website provides links to relevant reports and provides information, including a series of Fact Sheets with advice on applying for planning permission and environmental matters, and a newsletter archive with the facility to sign-up to recieve the latest newsletters free of charge. Goddard Technical Reports Server (GTRS) This database is available to search as part of the NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) or on its own from this site. It can be searched in a number of ways including title, author, NASA report number and keyword. Some reports are available in full text as PDF files, others have an abstract. The database covers space sciences, technology and earth sciences. Government Response to the Environmental Audit Committee's Report This is United Kingdom Department for Transport Paper Cm 6063, which was presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Transport in December 2003. The paper sets out the Government�s response to the Environmental Audit Committee�s Ninth Report of Session 2002-03 containing the Committee�s findings and recommendations following its Inquiry into Budget 2003 and Aviation in the Summer of 2003. Many of the issues raised are addressed in the white paper on the Future of Air Transport, published on 16 December 2003. The text of the paper is available from the DfT's Aviation web site in PDF format (481 Kb). Guidance to the Civil Aviation Authority on Environmental Objectives Relating to the Exercise of its Air Navigation Functions These guidance notes have been issued by the Secretary of State under section 70(2)(d) of the Transport Act 2000, and published by the then Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions, January 2002. The guidance sets out a clear framework within which the Director of Airspace Policy (DAP) will operate in discharging the CAA's air navigation functions. It includes advice on the Government's strategy for sustainable development, information about the guidance given to local planning authorities where this is relevant to DAP's functions, and guidance on particular environmental objectives. The text is available in PDF format (369 KB). Guidelines for Airport Consultative Committees This is a United Kingdom Department for Transport document, dated January 2006. The guidelines that it contains are intended to assist those involved in establishing, running and participating in airport consultative committees. The text is available from the DfT's Aviation web site in HTML format. Heathrow Association for the Control of Aircraft Noise (HACAN) HACAN is a pressure group whose purpose is to campaign against, and raise awareness of, aircraft noise within the London and Thames Valley region. The site provides the full text of a number of reports and press releases about noise from aircraft, submissions to the Terminal 5 Inquiry, HACAN newsletters, information for campaigners, and links to related interest groups world-wide. History, Processing, and Usage of Recycled Glycol for Aircraft Deicing and Anti-Icing : Final Report This provides access to a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) report, DOT/FAA/AR-00/55, by Max Kurowski, dated February 2001. The primary objective of this study was to globally investigate and document spent glycol recycling methods and practices, including Asian, former Soviet bloc countries, and other areas of the world not within the purview of current SAE/ISO fluid standards. The findings of the study provide information relevant to the establishment of an on-site or remote glycol recycling facility, what can be expected from such a facility, the utilisation of the refined glycol, and a method for reprocessing into aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluid. The full text of the report is available in PDF format, from the online catalogue of the FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center Library. Impact of Advanced Air Transport Technology : Part 1 Advanced High-Speed Aircraft This web site provides access to a report produced by the U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, 1980. The report was published as part of a long term study of the economic, environmental, energy, societal, and safety impacts of advances in the technology of high-speed aircraft, commuter aircraft, and air cargo. Part 1 deals with advanced high-speed aircraft, including both supersonic and subsonic. The report is made available as part of the OTA Online Archive. The full text is accessible online in PDF format (1947K). Alternatively, the front matter, table of contents and individual chapters are available as separate PDF files. Impact of New Large Aircraft on Airport Design This final report (DOT/FAA/AR-97/26) was published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in March 1998. It identifies several key design and operational characteristics of proposed new large aircraft (NLA) that will need to be taken into consideration before the aircraft are introduced into the current airport environment. In addition, a 20-year projection of NLA development and a qualitative cost and compatibility assessment of introducing NLA's at a sample airport that currently serves the Boeing 747 are included in this report [extracted from author abstract]. This is a PDF file so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it. Indicators for the Management of Sustainable Growth in the Air Transport System This technical report 2004/013 was published by the Eurocontrol Experimental Centre in April 2005 and was written by Ted Elliff. The present report investigates the definition of an initial set of indicators for trend evaluation of the aviation sector impacts on society in Europe, as a step towards assessing its sustainability. Three domains of impact were identified in accordance with the literature: economic, environmental and social. Similarly seven principal stakeholders were used to define the air transport activity. Those were the Air Navigation Services Providers (ANSP), Aircraft and Engine Manufacturers, Airports, Civil Airspace Users, Military Airspace Users, Passengers and finally Citizens. [Taken from abstract]. The full text of the document is available in PDF format so Adobe Acrobat software is required in order to read it. Living With a Star The web site describes a NASA initiative which is concerned with the development of a scientific understanding of the aspects of the coupled Sun-Earth system that directly impact on life and society. Living With a Star (LWS) forms a part of the Sun-Earth Connection Theme (SEC) of Nasa's Office of Space Science, and is based at the Goddard Sapce Flight Center. The web site provides an overview of the programme's goals and objectives; scientific focus; and mission spacecraft. There are links to further information on individual mission including: the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO); Sentinels; Radiation Belt Mappers (RBM); and Ionospheric Mappers (IM). The full text of the programme plan is available online (pdf files). Other sections of the site include a series of presentation (MS Powerpoint); image gallery; and news updates. Low Carbon Transport Innovation Strategy Published in May 2007, this Department of Transport strategy sets out a comprehensive approach to incentivising new technology development in the transport sector, building on the findings of the Stern Review. It highlights the wide range of technologies which can contribute to carbon reduction in each of the major transport modes, road, aviation, rail and shipping – and the major new steps that are being undertaken to stimulate the research, development and demonstration projects which can make these technologies a reality. It draws out the links between a future low carbon transport system and a future low carbon energy system. It is available via HTML or PDF (1 Mb). Lower NOx at Higher Altitudes : Policies to Reduce the Climate Impact of Aviation NOx Emission This report was published in 2008 sets out to design and evaluate policy instruments that address the climate impact of aviation NOx emissions. It is well established scientifically that cruise NOx emissions cause a significant part of the current total climate impact of aviation. At present, LTO NOx emissions are controlled but cruise NOx emissions are not, and they grow roughly at the same pace as air traffic. The report was produced by authors working for CE Delft and was commissioned by the European Commission, DG Energy and Transport under contract TREN/07/F3/S07.78699. Manchester Metropolitan University : Centre for Aviation Transport and the Environment (CATE) CATE researches the effects of aircraft emissions on global climate change and local air quality, the noise and community impacts of aviation and the broader sustainability and development issues related to air transport and airports. The site provides details of current and previous research, whilst the 'publications' area provides details of relevant publications, some of them available in full text. Marine Safety and Environmental Protection This site provides safety and environmental protection information for the maritime community. A link is provided to the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) website. It is also possible to reach the National Maritime Center and information about navigation rules. Licensing, regulations, vessel documentation and waterways management are also covered. Links are provided to the Coast Guard homepage, and the US Department of Transportation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) International Center for Air Transportation (ICAT) The Center's mission is to improve the safety, efficiency and capacity of domestic and international air transportation and its infrastructure, utilizing information technology and human centered systems analysis. The Center's research areas of interest include: air traffic management, air transportation infrastructure and economics, aviation safety and weather, airline management and operations, human factors, flight instrumentation, and the environmental impact of aviation. The site contains an about section, contact details for faculty, students, alumni, and staff, a large collection of papers and reports, which can be searched and browsed. An annotated list of links to related web sites and other resources is also provided. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies : GISS Publications Online This database service can be searched as part of the NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) or on its own from this site. The GISS publications database lists over 3000 publications authored or co-authored by GISS scientists and colleagues since the Institute was founded in 1961. Most entries are refereed journal articles, but the database also includes conference papers, tech notes, book chapters, graduate student dissertations, and other types of research publications. The database is not complete but does list almost all GISS publications since 1990. Copies of many publications are available in PDF form; otherwise, entries are abstract-only. Some listings also include links to related news releases or non-technical science briefs describing the research. NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) : Data Services This site provides links NASA EOS data services' resources and help. The ESO programme aims to study the physical and chemical processes of land, ocean, atmosphere, and cryosphere. In addition to allowing for a better understanding of climate and climate change, these missions have applications in understanding weather patterns, growing seasons, sea level variation, fresh water availability, and other geophysical societal concerns. Access to the following resources is given - Earth Observing System Data and Information System (ESODIS), EOSDIS Data Gateway, EOS Data Information, the Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAAC) and others. NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) : Missions This site provides information about the missions that comprise NASA's EOS programme. This aims to study the physical and chemical processes of land, ocean, atmosphere, and cryosphere. In addition to allowing for a better understanding of climate and climate change, these missions have applications in understanding weather patterns, growing seasons, sea level variation, fresh water availability, and other geophysical societal concerns. Each mission is listed and a brief description is provided, along with a link to the mission homepage. National Aerospace Laboratory (NLR) This is the home page of the NLR, a Dutch organisation that identifies, develops and applies high-tech knowledge in the aerospace sector. The NLR’s activities are socially relevant, market-orientated, and conducted not-for-profit. In this, the NLR serves to bolster the government’s innovative capabilities, while also promoting the innovative and competitive capacities of its partner companies. It undertakes research for both national and international customers. The site provides background information about the institute including its annual report and latest news. A section of the site is devoted to describing NLR's research activities, which are within civil and military aviation, aircraft development, space technology and non-aerospace applications of aerospace technology. National Research and Development Plan For Aviation Safety, Security, Efficiency, and Environmental Compatibility This web site provides access to a US National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) transportation strategic plan titled: National Research and Development Plan For Aviation Safety, Security, Efficiency, and Environmental Compatibility, produced by the National Science and Technology Council, Committee on Technology, Subcommittee on Transportation Research and Development, November 1999. The plan is intended to act as a benchmark for future inter-agency collaborative efforts to optimise essential US government research toward the attainment of critical aviation and air transportation goals established by the Federal government and supported by industry. The full text of the plan is available in PDF format. Noise Limits for Aircraft Departing from Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted Airports : Decision of December 2000 This site provides the full text of a decision by the Secretary of State of the UK Department for Transport (DFT). The decision puts in place new noise limits and noise monitoring arrangements at Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted that apply to all aircraft (excepting Concorde). The paper was published on 2nd January 2001. The text can be viewed online in HTML format. Omega Omega is a publicly funded academic partnership that was set up in January 2007, to offer impartial, pioneering insight into the environmental effects of the air transport industry, specifically climate change, local air quality, noise, aircraft systems, aircraft operations, alternative fuels, demand and mitigation policies. Omega is led by Manchester Metropolitan University with Cambridge and Cranfield Universities: other partners are Leeds, Loughborough, Oxford, Reading, Sheffield and Southampton. The web comprehensive site provides details of the studies being undertaken and events. There is also a monthly newsletter. Partnership for AiR Transportation Noise and Emmisions Reduction : PARTNER PARTNER — the Partnership for AiR Transportation Noise and Emissions Reduction — is a leading aviation cooperative research organization. An FAA Center of Excellence, PARTNER is sponsored by the FAA, NASA, Transport Canada, the U.S. Department of Defense, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Established by the FAA in September 2003, PARTNER fosters breakthrough technological, operational, policy, and workforce advances for the betterment of mobility, economy, national security, and the environment. The organization's operational headquarters is at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Professor Ian Waitz, head of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Aeronautics and Astronautics Department, is the director. PARTNER comprises nine universities, and approximately 50 advisory board members. One of PARTNER's greatest strengths is the advisory board's diversity and inclusiveness. Its members include aerospace manufacturers, airlines, airports, national, state and local government, professional and trade associations, non-governmental organizations and community groups. They are united to foster collaboration and consensus to jointly advance environmental performance, efficiency, safety and security. The website provides information of the members of the advisory board and collaborating universities, news and events, full-text reports and theses and information on projects. Recent Trends in Growth of UK Air Passenger Demand The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) has published a report, Recent Trends in Growth of UK Air Passenger Demand, which sets out an analysis of how growth in different segments of passenger traffic at UK airports has changed in recent years and the likely causes of these changes. It investigates four factors: broader economic trends, competition with other transport modes, aviation cost pressures and attitudes towards the environment. It also examines the propensity to fly of different leisure passenger types, in particular the relationship with income, demographic factors and property ownership abroad. The full report is available in PDF format. Royal and Ministerial Air Travel Project In 2004, there was a review of air travel arrangements for the royal family and government ministers. Thereport was published in June 2006. It found that the existing arrangements were fragmented, fell short, at times, of the levels of safety, security and reliability required for VIP users, and did not always achieve value for money. Recommendations included the establishment of a new one-stop air travel service providing a dedicated aircraft service as well as access to more formalised arrangements with the charter market. A team was established within the Department for Transport to implement the recommendations and on 26 March 2008, there was a statement to Parliament detailing the findings and recommendations of that work. This web site links to all related documentation and web pages. SBAC Aviation and Environment Briefing Paper : ACARE Explained This paper is one of a series of briefing papers being produced by the SBAC to explain the work being undertaken by the UK aerospace industry to address the environmental challenges associated with aviation. The papers aim to present new advances in technology so that the reader can better appreciate what the industry is doing and why developing solutions can be challenging. This paper outlines the work programme that has been developed by the Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe (ACARE) to reduce the environmental impact of aviation. In particular, it discusses the efforts of the European aerospace industry to meet the ACARE 2020 targets, which include targets for emissions (CO2, NOx) and noise. The paper highlights some of the key challenges that must be overcome by manufacturers in order for these tough targets to be met, concluding with a discussion on what lies beyond the 2020 goals. SBAC Aviation and Environment Briefing Paper : End of Life Aircraft Initiatives This paper is one of a series of briefing papers being produced by SBAC to explain the work being undertaken by the UK aerospace industry to address the environmental challenges associated with aviation. It looks at the work being undertaken within the sector to address what happens to aircraft when they reach the end of their service lives. The paper includes work being done by Airbus, Boeing, Rolls- Royce and others which reveal that end of life initiatives are now a key element of the whole lifecycle approach to aircraft design, manufacturing, operations and disposal. PDF format. SBAC Aviation and Environment Briefing Paper : Engine Technology and Emissions This paper is one of a series of briefing papers being produced by the SBAC to explain the work being undertaken by the UK aerospace industry to address the environmental challenges associated with aviation. The papers aim to present new advances in technology so that the reader can better appreciate what the industry is doing and why developing solutions can be challenging. This paper considers the emissions from aviation, focusing primarily on those that contribute to climate change and discusses the engine technologies being developed to reduce them. It is available in full text in PDF format. SBAC Aviation and Environment Briefing Papers : Alternative Aviation Fuels This paper is one of a series of briefing papers being produced by the SBAC to explain the work being undertaken by the UK aerospace industry to address the environmental challenges associated with aviation. The papers aim to present new advances in technology so that the reader can better appreciate what the industry is doing and why developing solutions can be challenging. This paper discusses possible alternatives to conventional aviation fuel (kerosene), considering their compatibility with engine, aircraft and fuel systems, sustainability and environmental impact. It is available in full text in PDF format. SBAC Aviation and Environment Briefing Papers : Open Rotor Engines This paper is one of a series of briefing papers being produced by the SBAC to explain the work being undertaken by the UK aerospace industry to address the environmental challenges associated with aviation. The papers aim to present new advances in technology so that the reader can better appreciate what the industry is doing and why developing solutions can be challenging. This paper discusses open rotor engines, a technology that may be used on the next generation of single aisle aircraft and has the potential to significantly reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. It is available in full text in PDF format. STAR : Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports This site provides access to cumulative listings of NASA reports which are published biweekly as an electronic journal in PDF format. The journal announces the following types of document - NASA, NASA Contractor and NASA grantee reports, reports issued by other US Governmental agencies, domestic and foreign institutions, translations in report form, NASA-owned patents and patent applications, other US Government agency patents and domestic and foreign dissertations and theses. Documents can be located by an author and a subject index and cover the following subject areas - aeronautics, space, energy development, conservation, oceanography, and environmental protection. It is available back to January 1996 Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) : Aviation and Sustainable Development : This is one of the SEI project pages and is concened with sustainable policy options for aviation. The primary resource available is the SEI's report which was published in July 2004 Aviation and Sustainability prepared by Prof John Whitelegg and Howard Cambridge. The report is intended to draw the attention of the global community to the urgent need for demand management in aviation. It makes nine recommendations all of which are aimed at recognising the sustainable development agenda and ensuring that aviation plays its full proportionate part in delivering sustainability. It is aimed primarily at the international policy-making community (e.g. UNEP, and ICAO) through to the European Union and national administrations especially in the USA, Europe and those countries that are moving rapidly up the demand curve (India and China). It is aimed at airlines and airports and is intended to stimulate a constructive debate. The text of the whole report can be downloaded in PDF format (1.3 Mb)
no title available no description supplied Sustainable Aviation Sustainable Aviation is a comprehensive strategy for the long term sustainability of the UK aviation industry. This pioneering initiative brings together the UK’s leading airlines, airports, aerospace manufacturers and air navigation service providers. Signatories to the strategy are committed to delivering significant reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, nitrogen oxide emissions and aircraft noise over the next 15 years. Sustainable Aviation establishes mechanisms for monitoring and regular reporting of progress toward a range of specific objectives. The Strategy sets out the industry’s vision for a sustainable future through a series of eight goals and 34 commitments, relating to economic, environmental and social aspects of aviation. Specifically, these include: Limiting climate change impact by improving fuel efficiency and CO2 emissions by 50 per cent per seat kilometer by 2020 compared with 2000 levels; Improving air quality by reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions by 80 per cent over the same period; Lowering the perceived external noise of new aircraft by 50 per cent by 2020 compared with their 2000 equivalents; Establishing a common system for the reporting of total CO2 emissions and fleet fuel efficiency by the end of 2005, and pressing for aviation’s inclusion in the EU emissions trading scheme at the earliest possible date; New airport plans for community-related noise limitations, including landing and take-off restrictions where necessary. Sustainable Aviation strategy document is available in PDF format. Swedish Defence Research Agency The Agency (Totalfarets forskningsinstitut - FOI) was formed on 1 January 2001 through an amalgamation of the Swedish Defence Research Establishment (FOA) and the Aeronautical Research Institute (FFA). The site provides an overview of the organisational structure, including the Division of Aeronautics, FFA, which is made up of the core of the former Aeronautical Research Institute. There is a searchable and browsable database of FOI reports. For browsing purposes the reports are sorted by department. The text of the reports are avialable in PDF format. The 2003 Aviation White Paper : Did the Government Get it Right? This provides access to a report produced by the Strategic Aviation Special Interest Group (SASIG), dated November 2006. The report suggests that the forecasts made by the UK Government in its 2003 Aviation White Paper have been underestimated. The authors claim that the aviation policy debate needs to be reopened and the report identifies four possible policy options to help the Government take an informed decision on future aviation growth. The text of the report is available from the SASIG web site in PDF (2.17 Mb) format. The European Commission : Air Transport Portal This web site provides an overview and description on the key themes that shape the European Commission's policies for air transport. These themes include Traffic Management, Airports, International Aviation, Internal Market, Safety, Security, Passenger Rights, Competition, Research and Environment. The site also provides links to EC legislation, supporting studies, facts and figures, public consultation documents, videos and other publications. The Mediterranean Free Flight Programme (MFF) : Environmental Benefit Analysis This report (EEC/SEE/2003/003) was published by the Eurocontrol Experimental Centre (EEC), whose mission is to carry out research and development in order to improve air traffic management (ATM) in Europe. This study aims to analyse the environmental effect of the Mediterranean Free Flight programme focussing on the Italian Real Time Simulation Experiments. Investigations have been made especially for reduction in fuel burn, CO2, H2O and NOx emissions. The methodology was mainly based on a comparison of fuel burn and emission production in a Fixed Route against a Free Route Environment. The Advanced Emission Model (AEM3) developed at the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre has been used to estimate aviation emissions and fuel burn. An improved version (EEC-BM2) of the Boeing Method2 (BM2) lead to more reliable in-flight NOx emission estimations. The Plane Truth : Aviation and the Environment This report, commissioned by Transport 2000 and the Ashden Trust, was prepared by John Whitelegg and Nick Williams, and edited by Chris Evans, 2000/01. This report looks at the current level of civil aviation and considers the remarkable forecasts for the rates of growth within this industry. It looks at the impact that aviation is currently having on the environment and estimates what that impact might be if these widely predicted rates of growth are achieved. Trinity Atomic Web Site This site gives a history of nuclear weapons, through historical archives (documents, photos and video). A large body of US Government information was used to create the site. Information is available about the Trinity atomic tests, Hiroshima, Nagasaki and nuclear weapon physics & technology. Details are also given on the effects of nuclear weapons and nuclear war, atmospheric testing, civil defence and criticality & radiation accidents. There is a gallery of test photos and Los Alamos National Laboratory Publications On-line. Links are also available to other related onlne sources, plus an annotated bibliography. UK Air Passenger Demand and CO2 Forecasts 2009 This provides access to a UK Civil Aviation Authority document dated January 2009. This forecast document aims to show the demand for air travel by UK and foreign residents to and from the UK airports and includes CO2 forcasts for 2009. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is avilable in PDF format so Adobe Acrobat software is required in order to read it. UK Aviation: Carbon Reduction Futures Final Report to the Department for Transport This document was prepared by The Centre for Air Transport and the Environment at Manchester Metropolitan University and Cranfield University for the Department for Transport in 2008. The objective of this study is to determine the scope for, and cost of actions that can be taken by, the UK domestic aviation sector to reduce its emissions of CO2. The analysis points to a number of conclusions. A range of measures, comprising technological, operational and fleet management options, can be taken to reduce CO2 emissions associated with the use of aviation fuel. The cost to the industry of adopting these is very sensitive to the price of oil and aviation fuel. UK Report to the European Commission under Article 4 of the Biofuels Directive (2003/30/EC) This report fulfils the UK's obligation to report to the European Commission by 1 July 2009 on the UK Government’s support for biofuels during the calendar year 2008, as required by Article 4 of Directive 2003/30/EC on the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport. Valuing the External Costs of Aviation The site provides access to a Department for Transport report, dated 12 December 2000. This is one of a number of supporting studies which accompanied the publication of The Future of Aviation consultation document. The paper briefly reviews some of the economic literature of the valuation of noise, air quality and climate change impacts and considers the implications of aviation meeting its estimated external costs for airline costs, fares and demand. The text of the report can be viewed in HTML format, and PDF (97 Kb) and Word (66 Kb) versions are available for downloading. |
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