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Combat simulation A Simple Game-Theoretic Approach to Suppression of Enemy Defenses and Other Time Critical Target Analyses This technical report (DB-385-AF) was published by The RAND Corporation in 2004 and was written by Tom Hamilton and Richard Mesic. The effectiveness of attacks on time critical targets (suppression of enemy air defenses, interdiction, and anti-theater ballistic missile missions) often depends on decisions made by the adversary. Game theory is a way to study likely changes in enemy behavior resulting from various attack capabilities and goals. Engagement-level combat is treated as a two-player game in which each player is free to choose its strategy. The emphasis in the study is on the choice of strategies in realistic situations; all can be analyzed with straightforward mathematics. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it. AAI Corporation AAI is a subsidiary of United Industrial Corporation (UIC) based in New York and is a manufacturer of high technology mechanical and electronic systems for the United States government and industry. The information on the site is arranged according to the Companies business activites: Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems, Training and Simulation Systems, Test Systems, Advanced Defence Programmes (includes Acoustic Detection Systems, Advanced Ground Support Equipment, Armament Systems, and Mechanical Systems), and Services such as Logistics and Depot Support, engineering and modification. The company's Unmanned Air Vehicle products include the Shadow 200 Shadow 400, and Shadow 600 series, Pioneer, iSTAR, and Aerosonde. The site also includes an A-Z product index, general company information, news and details of career opportunities. Accelerating Missile Threat Engagement Simulations Using Personal Computer Graphics Cards This is the full text of a Master's thesis by Major Sean E. Jeffers, USAF, AFIT/GE/ENG/05-08, which was presented to the Faculty Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of Air University's Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), in March 2005. The 453rd Electronic Warfare Squadron supports on-going military operations by providing battlefield commanders with aircraft ingress and egress routes that minimize the risk of shoulder or ground-fired missile attacks on our aircraft. To determine these routes, the 453rd simulates engagements between ground-to-air missiles and allied aircraft to determine the probability of a successful attack. The simulations are computationally expensive, often requiring two-hours for a single 10-second missile engagement. Hundreds of simulations are needed to perform a complete risk assessment which includes evaluating the effectiveness of countermeasures such as flares, chaff, jammers, and missile warning systems. Thus, the need for faster simulations is acute. This research speeds up these mission critical simulations by using inexpensive commodity PC graphics cards to perform intensive image processing computations used to simulate a heat seeking missile's tracking system. The innovative techniques developed in this research reduce execution time by 33% and incorporate a user-selectable fidelity feature to perform high-fidelity simulations when required. Furthermore, these image processing computations use only 5% of the available computational capacity of the graphics cards, providing a ready source of additional computational power for future simulation enhancements. Analysts can now meet shorter suspenses with more accurate products, ultimately enhancing the safety of Air Force pilots and their weapon systems. With ongoing operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, and a growing threat at home and abroad posed by the proliferation of man-portable missiles, the speed of these simulations play an important role in protecting forces and saving lives. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available in PDF format on the Scientific and Technical Information Network (STINET) which is provided by the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC). Combat Automation for Airborne Weapon Systems: Man/Machine Interface Trends and Technologies This is Research and Technology Organization (RTO) AGARD-CP-520, dated April 1993. Recent advances in combat automation technologies offer significant potential for improving overall mission effectiveness. Development of advanced situational awareness display concepts, parallel distributed computer architecture, and tactical information fusion techniques have paved the way for new operational capabilities and weapon system employment tactics. Harnessing these innovative technologies is critically dependent upon establishing an effective and intuitive pilot vehicle interface. The symposium addressed changing and possible future operational scenarios, advanced technology concepts, application issues and experimental development efforts and included sessions on: fusion, situation awareness, human capabilities and limitations, and design and evaluation of integrated systems. For individual titles, see N93-28851 through N93-28872. Bibliographic and abstract details are available in HTML format. A table of contents, and the full text (117.96MB) of the document can be accessed online in PDF format. The document is contained in the RTO's Full Text Publication Library. Complexity Theory and Network Centric Warfare This is the full text pdf version of the book written by James Moffat, published by the Department of Defense Command and Control Research Program in September 2003. The book is part of the Information Age Transformation Series and looks at complexity theory, which encompasses fractal structures, nonlinear dynamical systems, and models of self-organisation and selforganised criticality, and its relation to network centric warfare. The chapters are titled: complexity in natural and economic systems; concepts for warfare from complexity theory; evidence for complex emergent behaviour in historical data; mathematical modelling of complexity, knowledge and conflict; and dynamics of local collaboration and clustering. Distributed Interactive Simulation of Combat This U.S. Congress Office of Technology Assessment Background Paper, OTA-BP-ISS-151, was produced in September 1995. It is the third publication to be produced by the OTA as part of its assessment of combat modeling and simulation technologies. The report is made available as part of the OTA Online Archive. The full text of the report is available online in PDF format (1043K). Alternatively the front matter, table of contents main text and appendicies can be accessed as a separate PDF files. Embedded Training - An Explorative Study Providing Requirements for the Display of Virtual Targets on a Helmet Mounted Display in Simulated Air-To-Air Engagements Within Visual Range. This technical report (NLR-TP-2003-262) was published by NLR (the National Aerospace Laboratory of the Netherlands) in 2004 and was written by J. J. M. Roessingh, M. C. van Sijll and S. P. Johnson. Since Embedded Training (ET) has numerous Beyond-Visual-Range (BVR) benefits, and because wars cannot be contained to the BVR regime -- that is, pilots involved in an air-to-air engagement will eventually enter within visual range of their opponents and/or their weapons -- to preserve the value of ET, the transition to the visual arena needs to be natural and realistic. Therefore, the focus of this report will be to discuss and establish requirements of a Helmet Mounted Display (HMD) to support ET within the visual arena. More specifically, the question that will be addressed in this study is: What are the requirements for virtual targets, to be superimposed on the outside world as seen through the pilots' eyes, in order to simulate the presence of those targets in the outside world? The requirements for imaging virtual targets depend on properties of the human visual system and on the visual information elements ('cues') required for dealing with a WVR engagement. On this basis, it is concluded that current HMD technology is not yet mature for ET of WVR engagements. This conclusion is based on assessment of parameters such as: required scene update rate, display refresh rate, time delay, field size, resolution, luminance levels, scene-management principles, etc. However, it is worthwhile to stimulate developments in this direction to enable WVR-engagements to be trained with ET in some useful form. If this technology can be realistically achieved within the medium time frame (it is estimated that the technology is mature in 5-10 years, e.g. current helmet mounted display technology is progressing quickly) it is sensible to proceed with the concept for future platforms, such as the JSF and Eurotrainer. Since ET also has potential outside the fighter community, spin-off of innovative display technology to other platforms/domains does not seem impossible. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available as a PDF file. Enhancing Strategic Planning with Massive Scenario Generation. Theory and Experiments This technical report (TR-392) was produced by The RAND Corporation in 2007 and was written by Paul K. Davis, Steven C. Bankes and Michael Egner. This report extends research on using scenarios for strategic planning, with experiments in what can be called massive scenario generation (MSG), a computationally intensive technique that seeks to combine virtues of human- and model-based exploration of "the possibility space." We measure particular approaches to MSG against four metrics: not needing a good initial model; the dimensionality of the possibility space considered; the degree of exploration of that space; and the quality of resulting knowledge. We then describe two MSG experiments for contrasting cases, one that began with a reasonable but untested analytical model, and one that began without an analytical model, but with a thoughtful list of the conditions that might characterize and distinguish among circumstances in the situation considered, a list derived from a combination of single-analyst thinking and group brainstorming. We experimented with a variety of methods and tools for interpreting and making sense of the "data" arising from MSG, using ordinary linear sensitivity analysis, a generalization using analyst-inspired aggregation fragments, some advanced filtering methods drawing on data-mining and machine-learning methods, and motivated metamodeling. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it. Future Modelling and Simulation Challenges This site provides access to a Research and Technology Organisation (NATO) Meeting Proceedings, RTO-MP-073 Paris, November 2002. This contains papers from the RTO NATO Modelling and Simulation Group (NMSG) Conference held in Breda, The Netherlands, 12-14 November 2001. The aim of the conference was to provide an overview of NATO and national modelling and simulation (M&S) organisations, perspectives, projects, practices and policy. Other topics covered were the use of M&S to support operations (e.g. training and communication systems), future trends in M&S (such as virtual forces and artificial intelligence, gaming and agent technology, etc.), M&S best practices (such as Validation Verification & Accreditation (VV&A) and standards). Bibliographic and abstract details are available in HTML format. A table of contents, and the full text of the document (7.13 Mbytes) can be accessed online in PDF format. The document is contained in the RTO's Full Text Publication Library. How is Modelling and Simulation Meeting the Defence Challenges out to 2015? This is a Research and Technology Organization (RTO) Meeting Proceeding RTO-MP-MSG-060, dated December 2008.A table of contents, and the full text of the document can be accessed online in HTML format. The document is contained in the RTO's Full Text Publication Library. Huntsville Simulation Conference 2001 The site provides access to abstracts and the full text of papers from the HuntsvillE Simulation Conference (HSC 2001), which was held October 3-4, 2001. The papers are grouped under the following headings, Battlefield Simulation, Distributed Simulation, Hardware-in-the Loop Simulation, Law Enforcement Applications, Manuafacturing, Missile System Simulation, Radar Simulation, Real Time Scene Generation, Simulation Based Acquisition, Simulation Methodology, Test and Evaluation, Validation, Verification, and Accreditation, and Visualization. All abstracts and papers are available in PDF format and are hosted by the Redstone Scientific Information Center web site. Instruments of Power : Computer-Assisted Game for the ACSC Curriculum This is the full text of a thesis presented by Major Lynn Anderson (USAF) dated April 2005. The ACSC curriculum could benefit from the addition of wargaming that focuses on teaching students about the employment of the national instruments of power (IOPs). Wargames and exercises addressing the relationships among the IOPs are available from both Government and commercial sources; however, they are often complex, resource intensive, time consuming to play, and/or not well suited for use on the scale required for all ACSC students to participate. As a result, they may not fit well within a time-constrained curriculum. Creating a game to fill this need is the purpose of this joint research project. This paper examines the need for strategic-level wargaming at ACSC, proposes requirements for a game to satisfy this need, and describes the game’s software design. In a companion paper, LCDR Brian Tolbert, USN, addresses development of the game’s rules, the political/military principles upon which they are based, play testing of the game, and recommendations for future game enhancements. By creating and testing the prototype, the overall feasibility of the concept can be evaluated without a costly and labor-intensive software development effort. Future versions could either directly build upon this work or be expanded into a professionally developed software suite. [Taken from abstract]. The full text is available in PDF format and is provided by the Air University ResearchWeb site. NATO-PFP/Industry/National Modelling and Simulation Partnerships This site provides access to a Research and Technology Organisation Meeting Proceeding, RTO-MP-094, dated November 2003. It provides the papers from the NATO RTO Modelling and Simulation Conference held in Paris, France, 24-25 October 2002. Topics covered included; NATO cooperative projects for training and exercises, modelling and simulation support of military activities, technological advances towards reusability and interoperability, developing infrastructure and architecture to support operations and acquisitions, and developing cooperation between nations and partnership for peace. Recommendations on the Establishment of a NATO Simulation Resource Library This site provides access to a Research and Technology Organisation (NATO) Technical Report, RTO-TR-051, prepared by the RTO NATO Modelling and Simulation Group (NMSG) Task Group MSG-012/TG-009, dated April 2003. The report investigates national and NATO requirements for the establishment of a NATO Simulation Resource Library. Priority contents have been identified and a proposal for future implementation is described. Bibliographic and abstract details are available in HTML format. A table of contents, and the full text of the document (2.61 Mbytes) can be accessed online in PDF format. The document is contained in the RTO's Full Text Publication Library. Simulation of and for Military Decision Making This site provides access to a Research and Technology Organisation Educational Note, RTO-EN-017, by the RTO Studies Analysis and Simulation Panel (SAS) and the Consultant and Exchange Programme of RTO, dated June 2003. It forms part of the RTO Lecture Series and was presented on 15-16 October 2001 in Rome, Italy, 18-19 October 2001 in Stockholm, Sweden, on 23-25 October 2001 in Virginia, USA and on 10-11 December 2002 in The Hague, The Netherlands. The aim of the lectures were to provide an overview of the use of modelling and simulation for military decision making in the areas of training and exercises, operations support, analysis and acquisition, as well as reviewing the latest technologies. Themes covered are compter assisted exercises, computer generated forces, and human behaviour representation. Tactical Aerospace C3I in Coming Years This is Research and Technology Organization (RTO) AGARD Conference Proceedings report, AGARD-CP-557, dated October 1995.This conference demonstrated that there are major C3I developments for the various international air forces underway, particularly in the United State s (Theater Battle Management), in France (SCCOA), and at NATO (ACCS). These C3I systems (in effect, 'system systems') combine all the real time (surve illance, air mission control) and deferred functio ns (force planning and management) at a very high level of complexity. One of the problems has been how to organize, manage, and control data flow bet ween the complex elements of these systems. Tools are now being developed with this in mind. Another problem is that, although it is cost effective to use off-the-shelf components in the systems desig n, this process in itself creates a number of trad e-off problems with regard to the system's conform ity to specifications. The discussions and present ations of this conference were concerned with the following main issues: Requirements and trends in architecture; situation assessment; decision aids For individual titles, see N96-22506 through N96-22523. Bibliographic and abstract details are available in HTML format. A table of contents, and the full text (79 KB) of the document can be accessed online in PDF format. The document is contained in the RTO's Full Text Publication Library. The Compleat Strategyst. Being a Primer on the Theory of Games of Strategy This is book (CB-113-1) was produced by The RAND Corporation in 2007 and was written by John D. Williams. When The Compleat Strategyst was originally published in 1954, game theory was an esoteric and mysterious subject, familiar only to specialized researchers, particularly in the military. Its popularity today can be traced at least in part to this book, which popularized the subject for amateurs, professionals, and students throughout the world. It has been reprinted numerous times and has been translated into at least five languages, including Russian and Japanese. Now, more than fifty years after its first publication as a RAND research study, and to celebrate RAND’s 60th Anniversary, RAND is proud to bring this classic work back into print in paperback and digital formats. [Taken from abstract]. This is a PDF file, so Adobe Acrobat software will be required in order to read it. US Army ERDC Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory CRREL is part of the Engineers Research and Development Center, ERDC, of the US Army Corps of Engineers. Through scientific engineering and research, their aim is to increase knowledge of the world's cold regions in order to help the Army, Corps of Engineers and the Department of Defense operate in these conditions. The site provides information about CRREL and gives details on research branches and their projects. There are full text technical reports from 1995, fact sheets on current research projects, and an online manual 'Methods Manual for Detection of Propellant, Explosive or Pyrotechnic Compounds'. There is also an ice jam and bibliography database as well as computer simulations of models. There is also access to the ERDC Library with access to the library catalogue, publications, cold regions bibliography and related links. Usability of Information in Battle Management Operations This site provides access to a Research and Technology Organisation (NATO) Meeting Proceedings, RTO-MP-057. This contains papers from the the the RTO Human Factors and Medicine Panel (HFM) Symposium held in Oslo, Norway, 10-13 April 2000. The objectives of the symposium were to examine the problem, research approaches and techniques for improving team performance and enhancing effectiveness, concepts for battlespace visualization and decision support, and the integration of collaborative battle management systems. Bibliographic and abstract details are available in HTML format. A table of contents, and the full text of the document (34.3 Mbytes) can be accessed online in PDF format. The document is contained in the RTO's Full Text Publication Library. |
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